Epidemiology of Ocular Toxoplasmosis in Three Community Surveys in the Central Region of Ghana, West Africa

Purpose: To conduct the first ever population-based survey on ocular toxoplasmosis in the Central Region of Ghana. Methods: A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted in three randomly selected communities in the Central Region, Ghana. Visual acuity (VA) measurement, dilated fundus exami...

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Published in:	Ophthalmic epidemiology Vol. 23; no. 1; pp. 14 - 19
Main Authors:	Abu, Emmanuel Kwasi, Boampong, Johnson Nyarko, Amoabeng, Joseph Kwame, Ilechie, Alex A., Kyei, Samuel, Owusu-Ansah, Andrew, Boadi-Kusi, Samuel Bert, Amoani, Benjamin, Ayi, Irene
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Informa Healthcare 02-01-2016
Subjects:	Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Antibodies, Protozoan - blood Cape Coast Child Cross-Sectional Studies Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay epidemiology Female Ghana Ghana - epidemiology Health Surveys Humans Immunoglobulin G - blood Immunoglobulin M - blood Male Middle Aged ocular toxoplasmosis Ophthalmoscopy Prevalence retinochoroiditis Toxoplasma - immunology Toxoplasma - isolation & purification Toxoplasmosis, Ocular - diagnosis Toxoplasmosis, Ocular - epidemiology Visual Acuity - physiology Ghana epidemiology Ghana retinochoroiditis Cape Coast ocular toxoplasmosis
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Abstract	Purpose: To conduct the first ever population-based survey on ocular toxoplasmosis in the Central Region of Ghana. Methods: A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted in three randomly selected communities in the Central Region, Ghana. Visual acuity (VA) measurement, dilated fundus examination by indirect ophthalmoscopy and serology testing were performed on all participants. Ocular toxoplasmosis was diagnosed based on characteristic retinal lesions and supported by positive serologic testing using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Results: A total of 390 subjects aged 10-100 years (mean age 47 years) were examined; 118 (30.3%) were male and 272 (69.7%) female. Ten subjects (6 females and 4 males) had toxoplasmic ocular lesions (prevalence 2.6%). Of these, two had bilateral lesions and eight had unilateral lesions. Subjects with toxoplasmic ocular lesions were older than those without lesions (p = 0.028). The development of ocular toxoplasmosis was not associated with rural dwelling, sex, keeping cats, or consumption of meat. Conclusion: The prevalence of ocular toxoplasmosis in our Ghanaian study population was lower than findings from Southern Brazil, where there is a similar prevalence of infection in the general population.
AbstractList	To conduct the first ever population-based survey on ocular toxoplasmosis in the Central Region of Ghana. A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted in three randomly selected communities in the Central Region, Ghana. Visual acuity (VA) measurement, dilated fundus examination by indirect ophthalmoscopy and serology testing were performed on all participants. Ocular toxoplasmosis was diagnosed based on characteristic retinal lesions and supported by positive serologic testing using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. A total of 390 subjects aged 10-100 years (mean age 47 years) were examined; 118 (30.3%) were male and 272 (69.7%) female. Ten subjects (6 females and 4 males) had toxoplasmic ocular lesions (prevalence 2.6%). Of these, two had bilateral lesions and eight had unilateral lesions. Subjects with toxoplasmic ocular lesions were older than those without lesions (p = 0.028). The development of ocular toxoplasmosis was not associated with rural dwelling, sex, keeping cats, or consumption of meat. The prevalence of ocular toxoplasmosis in our Ghanaian study population was lower than findings from Southern Brazil, where there is a similar prevalence of infection in the general population. PURPOSETo conduct the first ever population-based survey on ocular toxoplasmosis in the Central Region of Ghana.METHODSA cross-sectional population-based study was conducted in three randomly selected communities in the Central Region, Ghana. Visual acuity (VA) measurement, dilated fundus examination by indirect ophthalmoscopy and serology testing were performed on all participants. Ocular toxoplasmosis was diagnosed based on characteristic retinal lesions and supported by positive serologic testing using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits.RESULTSA total of 390 subjects aged 10-100 years (mean age 47 years) were examined; 118 (30.3%) were male and 272 (69.7%) female. Ten subjects (6 females and 4 males) had toxoplasmic ocular lesions (prevalence 2.6%). Of these, two had bilateral lesions and eight had unilateral lesions. Subjects with toxoplasmic ocular lesions were older than those without lesions (p = 0.028). The development of ocular toxoplasmosis was not associated with rural dwelling, sex, keeping cats, or consumption of meat.CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of ocular toxoplasmosis in our Ghanaian study population was lower than findings from Southern Brazil, where there is a similar prevalence of infection in the general population. Purpose: To conduct the first ever population-based survey on ocular toxoplasmosis in the Central Region of Ghana. Methods: A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted in three randomly selected communities in the Central Region, Ghana. Visual acuity (VA) measurement, dilated fundus examination by indirect ophthalmoscopy and serology testing were performed on all participants. Ocular toxoplasmosis was diagnosed based on characteristic retinal lesions and supported by positive serologic testing using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Results: A total of 390 subjects aged 10-100 years (mean age 47 years) were examined; 118 (30.3%) were male and 272 (69.7%) female. Ten subjects (6 females and 4 males) had toxoplasmic ocular lesions (prevalence 2.6%). Of these, two had bilateral lesions and eight had unilateral lesions. Subjects with toxoplasmic ocular lesions were older than those without lesions (p = 0.028). The development of ocular toxoplasmosis was not associated with rural dwelling, sex, keeping cats, or consumption of meat. Conclusion: The prevalence of ocular toxoplasmosis in our Ghanaian study population was lower than findings from Southern Brazil, where there is a similar prevalence of infection in the general population.
Author	Boadi-Kusi, Samuel Bert Kyei, Samuel Abu, Emmanuel Kwasi Boampong, Johnson Nyarko Amoabeng, Joseph Kwame Owusu-Ansah, Andrew Amoani, Benjamin Ilechie, Alex A. Ayi, Irene
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Emmanuel Kwasi surname: Abu fullname: Abu, Emmanuel Kwasi email: eabu@ucc.edu.gh organization: Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast – sequence: 2 givenname: Johnson Nyarko surname: Boampong fullname: Boampong, Johnson Nyarko organization: Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast – sequence: 3 givenname: Joseph Kwame surname: Amoabeng fullname: Amoabeng, Joseph Kwame organization: Department of Ophthalmology, Effia Nkwanta Regional Hospital – sequence: 4 givenname: Alex A. surname: Ilechie fullname: Ilechie, Alex A. organization: Department of Optometry, School of Physical Sciences, University of Cape Coast – sequence: 5 givenname: Samuel surname: Kyei fullname: Kyei, Samuel organization: Discipline of Optometry, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus – sequence: 6 givenname: Andrew surname: Owusu-Ansah fullname: Owusu-Ansah, Andrew organization: Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University – sequence: 7 givenname: Samuel Bert surname: Boadi-Kusi fullname: Boadi-Kusi, Samuel Bert organization: Discipline of Optometry, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus – sequence: 8 givenname: Benjamin surname: Amoani fullname: Amoani, Benjamin organization: Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Coast – sequence: 9 givenname: Irene surname: Ayi fullname: Ayi, Irene organization: Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana
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Snippet	Purpose: To conduct the first ever population-based survey on ocular toxoplasmosis in the Central Region of Ghana. Methods: A cross-sectional population-based... To conduct the first ever population-based survey on ocular toxoplasmosis in the Central Region of Ghana. A cross-sectional population-based study was... PURPOSETo conduct the first ever population-based survey on ocular toxoplasmosis in the Central Region of Ghana.METHODSA cross-sectional population-based study...
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SubjectTerms	Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Antibodies, Protozoan - blood Cape Coast Child Cross-Sectional Studies Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay epidemiology Female Ghana Ghana - epidemiology Health Surveys Humans Immunoglobulin G - blood Immunoglobulin M - blood Male Middle Aged ocular toxoplasmosis Ophthalmoscopy Prevalence retinochoroiditis Toxoplasma - immunology Toxoplasma - isolation & purification Toxoplasmosis, Ocular - diagnosis Toxoplasmosis, Ocular - epidemiology Visual Acuity - physiology
Title	Epidemiology of Ocular Toxoplasmosis in Three Community Surveys in the Central Region of Ghana, West Africa
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