Breast Cancer Development in Transsexual Subjects Receiving Cross-Sex Hormone Treatment

• Published in: Journal of sexual medicine Vol. 10; no. 12; pp. 3129 - 3134
• Main Authors: Gooren, Louis J., van Trotsenburg, Michael A.A., Giltay, Erik J., van Diest, Paul J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier Inc 01-12-2013
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Breast Cancer Risk; Breast Neoplasms - chemically induced; Breast Neoplasms - epidemiology; Breast Neoplasms, Male - chemically induced; Breast Neoplasms, Male - epidemiology; Estrogen; Female; Female-to-Male Transsexual Subject; Gender Identity; Gonadal Steroid Hormones - administration & dosage; Gonadal Steroid Hormones - adverse effects; Humans; Male; Male-to-Female Transsexual Subject; Middle Aged; Netherlands - epidemiology; Testosterone; Testosterone - administration & dosage; Testosterone - adverse effects; Transgender Persons; Transsexualism - epidemiology; Young Adult; Netherlands; Testosterone; Male-to-Female Transsexual Subject; Breast Cancer Risk; Female-to-Male Transsexual Subject; Estrogen
• ISSN: 1743-6095; 1743-6109
• DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12319

Transsexual people receive cross-sex hormones as part of their treatment, potentially inducing hormone-sensitive malignancies.
To examine the occurrence of breast cancer in a large cohort of Dutch male and female transsexual persons, also evaluating whether the epidemiology accords with the natal sex or the new sex.
Number of people with breast cancer between 1975 and 2011.
We researched the occurrence of breast cancer among transsexual persons 18–80 years with an exposure to cross-sex hormones between 5 to >30 years. Our study included 2,307 male-to-female (MtF) transsexual persons undergoing androgen deprivation and estrogen administration (52,370 person-years of exposure), and 795 female-to-male (FtM) subjects receiving testosterone (15,974 total years of exposure).
Among MtF individuals one case was encountered, as well as a probable but not proven second case. The estimated rate of 4.1 per 100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.8–13.0) was lower than expected if these two cases are regarded as female breast cancer, but within expectations if viewed as male breast cancer. In FtM subjects, who were younger and had shorter exposure to cross-sex hormones compared with the MtF group, one breast cancer case occurred. This translated into a rate of 5.9 per 100,000 person-years (95% CI: 0.5–27.4), again lower than expected for female breast cancer but within expected norms for male breast cancer.
The number of people studied and duration of hormone exposure are limited but it would appear that cross-sex hormone administration does not increase the risk of breast cancer development, in either MtF or FtM transsexual individuals. Breast carcinoma incidences in both groups are comparable to male breast cancers. Cross-sex hormone treatment of transsexual subjects does not seem to be associated with an increased risk of malignant breast development. Gooren LJ, van Trotsenburg MAA, Giltay EJ, and van Diest PJ. Breast cancer development in transsexual subjects receiving cross-sex hormone treatment. J Sex Med 2013;10:3129–3134.