How Often Do Thermally Excited 630.0 nm Emissions Occur in the Polar Ionosphere?
This paper studies thermally excited emissions in the polar ionosphere derived from European Incoherent Scatter Svalbard radar measurements from the years 2000–2015. The peak occurrence is found around magnetic noon, where the radar observations show cusp‐like characteristics. The ionospheric, inter...
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| Published in: | Journal of geophysical research. Space physics Vol. 123; no. 1; pp. 698 - 710 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd
01-01-2018
American Geophysical Union |
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| Abstract | This paper studies thermally excited emissions in the polar ionosphere derived from European Incoherent Scatter Svalbard radar measurements from the years 2000–2015. The peak occurrence is found around magnetic noon, where the radar observations show cusp‐like characteristics. The ionospheric, interplanetary magnetic field and solar wind conditions favor dayside magnetic reconnection as the dominant driving process. The thermal emissions occur 10 times more frequently on the dayside than on the nightside, with an average intensity of 1–5 kR. For typical electron densities in the polar ionosphere (2 × 1011 m−3), we find the peak occurrence rate to occur for extreme electron temperatures (>3000 K), which is consistent with assumptions in literature. However, for extreme electron densities (>5 × 1011 m−3), we can now report on a completely new population of thermal emissions that may occur at much lower electron temperatures (∼2300 K). The empirical atmospheric model (NRLMSISE‐00) suggests that the latter population is associated with enhanced neutral atomic oxygen densities.
Key Points
Thermally excited emissions maximize in the cusp around magnetic noon
Peak occurrence at electron temperatures exceeding 3000 K
Peak occurrence at electron densities exceeding 5 × 1011 m−3 for lower electron temperatures (2300–3000 K) |
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| AbstractList | This paper studies thermally excited emissions in the polar ionosphere derived from European Incoherent Scatter Svalbard radar measurements from the years 2000–2015. The peak occurrence is found around magnetic noon, where the radar observations show cusp‐like characteristics. The ionospheric, interplanetary magnetic field and solar wind conditions favor dayside magnetic reconnection as the dominant driving process. The thermal emissions occur 10 times more frequently on the dayside than on the nightside, with an average intensity of 1–5 kR. For typical electron densities in the polar ionosphere (2 × 10
11
m
−3
), we find the peak occurrence rate to occur for extreme electron temperatures (>3000 K), which is consistent with assumptions in literature. However, for extreme electron densities (>5 × 10
11
m
−3
), we can now report on a completely new population of thermal emissions that may occur at much lower electron temperatures (∼2300 K). The empirical atmospheric model (NRLMSISE‐00) suggests that the latter population is associated with enhanced neutral atomic oxygen densities.
Thermally excited emissions maximize in the cusp around magnetic noon
Peak occurrence at electron temperatures exceeding 3000 K
Peak occurrence at electron densities exceeding 5 × 10
11
m
−3
for lower electron temperatures (2300–3000 K) This paper studies thermally excited emissions in the polar ionosphere derived from European Incoherent Scatter Svalbard radar measurements from the years 2000–2015. The peak occurrence is found around magnetic noon, where the radar observations show cusp‐like characteristics. The ionospheric, interplanetary magnetic field and solar wind conditions favor dayside magnetic reconnection as the dominant driving process. The thermal emissions occur 10 times more frequently on the dayside than on the nightside, with an average intensity of 1–5 kR. For typical electron densities in the polar ionosphere (2 × 1011 m−3), we find the peak occurrence rate to occur for extreme electron temperatures (>3000 K), which is consistent with assumptions in literature. However, for extreme electron densities (>5 × 1011 m−3), we can now report on a completely new population of thermal emissions that may occur at much lower electron temperatures (∼2300 K). The empirical atmospheric model (NRLMSISE‐00) suggests that the latter population is associated with enhanced neutral atomic oxygen densities. This paper studies thermally excited emissions in the polar ionosphere derived from European Incoherent Scatter Svalbard radar measurements from the years 2000–2015. The peak occurrence is found around magnetic noon, where the radar observations show cusp‐like characteristics. The ionospheric, interplanetary magnetic field and solar wind conditions favor dayside magnetic reconnection as the dominant driving process. The thermal emissions occur 10 times more frequently on the dayside than on the nightside, with an average intensity of 1–5 kR. For typical electron densities in the polar ionosphere (2 × 1011 m−3), we find the peak occurrence rate to occur for extreme electron temperatures (>3000 K), which is consistent with assumptions in literature. However, for extreme electron densities (>5 × 1011 m−3), we can now report on a completely new population of thermal emissions that may occur at much lower electron temperatures (∼2300 K). The empirical atmospheric model (NRLMSISE‐00) suggests that the latter population is associated with enhanced neutral atomic oxygen densities. Key Points Thermally excited emissions maximize in the cusp around magnetic noon Peak occurrence at electron temperatures exceeding 3000 K Peak occurrence at electron densities exceeding 5 × 1011 m−3 for lower electron temperatures (2300–3000 K) This paper studies thermally excited emissions in the polar ionosphere derived from European Incoherent Scatter Svalbard radar measurements from the years 2000–2015. The peak occurrence is found around magnetic noon, where the radar observations show cusp-like characteristics. The ionospheric, interplanetary magnetic field and solar wind conditions favor dayside magnetic reconnection as the dominant driving process. The thermal emissions occur 10 times more frequently on the dayside than on the nightside, with an average intensity of 1–5 kR. For typical electron densities in the polar ionosphere (2 × 1011 m−3), we find the peak occurrence rate to occur for extreme electron temperatures (>3000 K), which is consistent with assumptions in literature. However, for extreme electron densities (>5 × 1011 m−3), we can now report on a completely new population of thermal emissions that may occur at much lower electron temperatures (∼2300 K). The empirical atmospheric model (NRLMSISE-00) suggests that the latter population is associated with enhanced neutral atomic oxygen densities. |
| Author | Oksavik, Kjellmar Kwagala, Norah Kaggwa Johnsen, Magnar G. Lorentzen, Dag A. |
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| Snippet | This paper studies thermally excited emissions in the polar ionosphere derived from European Incoherent Scatter Svalbard radar measurements from the years... |
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| SubjectTerms | Atmospheric models Atomic oxygen cusp Electron density Electron temperatures Electrons Emissions ESR Fysikk: 430 Geofag: 450 Geosciences: 450 Interplanetary magnetic field Ionosphere Magnetic fields Magnetic reconnection Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400 Mathematics and natural science: 400 Oxygen Petroleum geology and petroleum geophysics: 464 Petroleumsgeologi og -geofysikk: 464 Physics: 430 Polar ionosphere Radar Solar magnetic field Solar wind thermally excited 630 nm VDP |
| Title | How Often Do Thermally Excited 630.0 nm Emissions Occur in the Polar Ionosphere? |
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