Polymorphisms in IMPDH2, UGT2B7, and CES2 genes influence the risk of graft rejection in kidney transplant recipients taking mycophenolate mofetil

• Published in: Mutation research. Genetic toxicology and environmental mutagenesis Vol. 836; no. Pt B; pp. 97 - 102
• Main Authors: Cilião, Heloísa Lizotti, Camargo-Godoy, Rossana Batista Oliveira, Souza, Marilesia Ferreira de, Zanuto, Amanda, Delfino, Vinicius Daher Alvares, Cólus, Ilce Mara de Syllos
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01-12-2018
• Subjects: Acid mycophenolic; Allelic variants; Drug transporter gene; Metabolism gene; Rejection episodes; Renal transplantation; Metabolism gene; Renal transplantation; Acid mycophenolic; Allelic variants; Rejection episodes; Drug transporter gene
• ISSN: 1383-5718; 1879-3592
• DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.06.008

•The SNP rs11706052 (IMPDH2) showed a 4.2-fold protection against graft rejection.•The SNP rs7438135 (UGT2B7) showed a 2.4-fold protection, against graft rejection.•The SNP rs2241409 (CES2) was associated with a 7.2-fold increased risk of rejection.•SNPs in IMPDH2, UGT2B7 and CES2 genes are potential prognostic markers for rejection.
The immunosuppressant mycophenolic acid (MPA), derived from the prodrug mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), is a drug used widely by kidney transplant recipients. This drug selectively inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase that controls the proliferation of lymphocytes, aiding in the prevention of rejection of the transplanted organ. Polymorphisms in key genes involved in MMF metabolism may alter the function of the enzymes encoded by them and contribute to interindividual variability in the response to the drug and its efficacy. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of nine polymorphic variants of eight genes involved in MMF pharmacokinetics, with rejection and adverse effects exhibited by kidney transplant recipients who use this drug. Our sample comprised 145 kidney transplant recipients undergoing post-transplant treatment whose immunosuppressive therapy consisted of MMF and corticosteroid combined or not with a calcineurin inhibitor or mTOR inhibitor. The average age of the patients was 46.9 ± 12.5 years, and they underwent transplantation 7 ± 5.71 years ago. The combination of the T/C and C/C genotypes of the polymorphism rs11706052 (IMPDH2) was associated with a 4.2-fold protection, and the combination of the genotypes A/G and G/G of the polymorphism rs7438135 (UGT2B7) showed a 2.4-fold protection, against rejection. The association of T/C and C/C genotypes in the SNP rs11706052 (IMPDH2) with the occurrence of rejection episodes considering only patients who received immunosuppressive drug MMF associated with cyclosporine or tacrolimus and corticoids, demonstrated association with a protection against rejection 15.6-fold. The T/T genotype of the polymorphism rs2241409 (CES2) was associated with a 7.2-fold increased risk of rejection. Therefore, these polymorphisms that showed a strong association with rejection episodes should be considered in future studies on new prognostic markers for rejection in patients treated with MMF.