Mercury in urban soils : A comparison of local spatial variability in six European cities

• Published in: The Science of the total environment Vol. 368; no. 2-3; pp. 926 - 936
• Main Authors: RODRIGUES, S, PEREIRA, M. E, OTABBONG, E, REINOSO, R, RUIZ-CORTES, E, URQUHART, G. J, VRSCAJ, B, DUARTE, A. C, AJMONE-MARSAN, F, DAVIDSON, C. M, GRCMAN, H, HOSSACK, I, HURSTHOUSE, A. S, LJUNG, K, MARTINI, C
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Shannon Elsevier Science 15-09-2006
• Subjects: Applied sciences; Cities; Earth sciences; Earth, ocean, space; Engineering and environment geology. Geothermics; Environmental Monitoring; Europe; Exact sciences and technology; Mercury - analysis; Pollution; Pollution sources. Measurement results; Pollution, environment geology; Soil and sediments pollution; Soil Pollutants - analysis; Great Britain; Sweden; Europe; United Kingdom; Scotland; Italy; Slovenia; Portugal; Spain; British Isles, Scotland; Sweden, Uppsala; Portugal, Aveiro; British Isles, Scotland, Glasgow; Slovenia, Ljubljana; Environmental quality; Urban parks; Urban area; Sampling; Soil pollution; Spatial variation; Mercury; Comparative study; Heavy metal; Concentration distribution; Environment quality; Urban soils
• ISSN: 0048-9697; 1879-1026
• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.04.008

The objective of this study was to quantify and assess for the first time the variability of total mercury in urban soils at a European level, using a systematic sampling strategy and a common methodology. We report results from a comparison between soil samples from Aveiro (Portugal), Glasgow (Scotland), Ljubljana (Slovenia), Sevilla (Spain), Torino (Italy) and Uppsala (Sweden). At least 25 sampling points (in about 4-5 ha) from a park in each city were sampled at two depths (0-10 and 10-20 cm). Total mercury was determined by pyrolysis atomic absorption spectrometry with gold amalgamation. The quality of results was monitored using certified reference materials (BCR 142R and BCR 141R). Measured total mercury contents varied from 0.015 to 6.3 mg kg(-1). The lowest median values were found in Aveiro, for both surface (0-10 cm) and sub-surface (10-20 cm) samples (0.055 and 0.054 mg kg(-1), respectively). The highest median mercury contents in soil samples were found in samples from Glasgow (1.2 and 1.3 mg kg(-1), for surface and sub-surface samples, respectively). High variability of mercury concentrations was observed, both within each park and between cities. This variability reflecting contributions from natural background, previous anthropogenic activities and differences in the ages of cities and land use, local environmental conditions as well as the influence of their location within the urban area. Short-range variability of mercury concentrations was found to be up to an order of magnitude over the distance of only a few 10 m.