Patients with borderline personality disorder and comorbid PTSD show biased attention for threat in the facial dot-probe task

• Published in: Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry Vol. 67; p. 101437
• Main Authors: Kaiser, Deborah, Jacob, Gitta A., van Zutphen, Linda, Siep, Nicolette, Sprenger, Andreas, Tuschen-Caffier, Brunna, Senft, Alena, Arntz, Arnoud, Domes, Gregor
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier Ltd 01-06-2020; Elsevier Science Ltd
• Subjects: Adult; Anger; Attention; Attentional Bias; Borderline personality disorder; Borderline Personality Disorder - complications; Cluster-C personality disorder; Comorbidity; Cues; Emotion; Facial dot-probe task; Facial Expression; Facial expressions; Female; Humans; Information processing; Personality disorders; Post traumatic stress disorder; Posttraumatic stress disorder; Psychopathology; Reaction time; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - complications; Young Adult; Facial expressions; Attention; Facial dot-probe task; Posttraumatic stress disorder; Emotion; Cluster-C personality disorder; Borderline personality disorder
• ISSN: 0005-7916; 1873-7943
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2018.11.005

Biased attention to threat is likely to play a crucial role in the dysfunctional emotion-related information processing in borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, the role of comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has not yet been fully disentangled.
BPD patients with (n = 24) and without (n = 46) PTSD, 35 patients with Cluster-C personality disorder and 52 non-patients participated in the facial dot-probe task with angry, happy and neutral faces during automatic (100 ms), controlled (600 ms), and later (1200 ms) stages of information processing.
BPD patients showed a greater congruency effect to angry faces during the controlled stage of processing than controls. Specifically, in BPD with PTSD compared to controls, this effect was due to difficulties disengaging from threat, indicated by slower reaction times to incongruent angry targets compared to neutral trials. Regarding automatic and later stages of information processing, there was no attentional bias (AB) in BPD. None of the groups revealed biased attention for happy faces at any stages of information processing.
We did not include a control group of PTSD patients without BPD. Therefore, we cannot rule out that the present AB in BPD is mainly due to PTSD-specific psychopathology.
These findings provide first evidence for an AB towards angry faces and difficulties disengaging from these threat-related social cues in adult BPD patients. Although BPD patients in general demonstrated an AB when compared with controls, this effect was especially pronounced for BPD with PTSD, suggesting a significant effect of trauma-related psychopathology on social attention in BPD.
•BPD patients show biased processing of socio-emotional cues.•Exposure to trauma and post-traumatic stress disorder are common in BPD.•BPD patients show biased attention to angry faces at controlled stages of processing.•This threat-related bias is pronounced for BPD patients with PTSD.•Threat-bias is based on difficulties disengaging attention from threat-cues.