Clinical reasoning of occupational therapists in selecting activities together with older adults with dementia to postpone further development of cognitive decline

• Published in: Scandinavian journal of occupational therapy Vol. 30; no. 1; pp. 98 - 108
• Main Authors: Schuhmacher, Tanya Pia, Andresen, Mette, Fallahpour, Mandana
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Taylor & Francis 2023
• Subjects: activity; Aged; Clinical Reasoning; cognitive decline; Cognitive Dysfunction - etiology; Dementia; Humans; Medicin och hälsovetenskap; Occupational Therapists - psychology; Occupational Therapy; older adults; prevention; Qualitative Research; activity; clinical reasoning; older adults; Occupational therapy; dementia; cognitive decline; prevention
• ISSN: 1103-8128; 1651-2014; 1651-2014
• DOI: 10.1080/11038128.2022.2112282

Research suggests that participation in activities has the potential to prevent or delay the development of later-life cognitive decline and dementia. This area is unexplored within occupational therapy.
To explore and describe the clinical reasoning of occupational therapists in selecting activities together with older adults with dementia to participate in, with the goal to postpone further development of cognitive decline in a sample from the German part of Switzerland.
A constructivist grounded theory approach was used. Six in-depth, semi-structured interviews with occupational therapists working in geriatric units in the German part of Switzerland were conducted.
Three main categories were identified: (i) from the discovery of 'who the older adult is' to the discovery of 'meaningful activities', (ii) reflecting on occupational therapists' individuality, and (iii) matching the activity to older adults' skills. A core category was developed: Pursuing active participation through meaningful and chosen activities.
The study suggests that to pursue enabling active participation in activities among older adults with dementia, and promoting the quality of participation, occupational therapists must consider the identified elements that are important in selecting the activities which might be used to postpone cognitive decline in each individual.