Apoptotic effects of Phlomis armeniaca mediated biosynthesized silver nanoparticles in monolayer (2D) and spheroid (3D) cultures of human breast cancer cell lines

• Published in: 3 Biotech Vol. 13; no. 1; p. 4
• Main Authors: Yesilot, Sukriye, Bayram, Dilek, Özgöçmen, Meltem, Toğay, Vehbi Atahan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01-01-2023; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Agriculture; Apoptosis; Bioinformatics; Biomaterials; Biotechnology; Breast cancer; Cancer Research; Caspase-3; Cell culture; Cell cycle; Cell death; Cell proliferation; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Evaluation; Gene expression; Mitochondria; Monolayers; Nanoparticles; Original; Original Article; Oxidants; Oxidizing agents; Phlomis; Scanning electron microscopy; Silver; Stem Cells; Tumor cell lines; MCF-7 cells; Green synthesis; MDA-MB-231 cells; Spheroid (3D) culture; Silver nanoparticles; Monolayer (2D) culture
• ISSN: 2190-572X; 2190-5738
• DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03417-7

The purpose of current research was to assess the apoptotic effects of biofabrication silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) mediated by the aqueous extract of
Phlomis armeniaca
on human breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) in monolayer (2D) and spheroid (3D) cultures. The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV–Vis spectrophotometer (the peaks of resonances at 432 nm), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). 1–20 µM/mL AgNPs were applied to MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines to determine IC
50
values at 24, 48 and 72nd h and were found to be 10 µM/mL for both cell lines. Immunohistochemical staining results of BrdU, TUNEL, caspase-3 and Endo G in both 2D and 3D cultures and gene expression levels of caspases (caspase-3, -8 and -9) and Endo G were evaluated. Moreover, the total oxidant/antioxidant status (TOS–TAS) due to AgNPs application in both cell culture mediums was evaluated. AgNPs treatment results in both cell lines in both 2D and 3D cultures showed a significant decrease in the BrdU labeling index, while large amounts of cells were labelled with TUNEL and Endo G. In 2D culture, Endo G expression increased in MCF-7 cells at 48 and 72nd hours, while it increased significantly in MDA-MB-231 cells at all hours. OSI results show that ROS production is increased in cell medium treated with AgNPs. In conclusion, AgNPs mediated by
Phlomis armeniaca
, synthesized by a green method, successfully induced damage to mitochondria, resulting in cell cycle arrest and consequent cell proliferation blockade and death in both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells.