Prediabetes, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and risk of type 2 diabetes: A community-based cohort study

• Published in: Journal of psychosomatic research Vol. 89; pp. 85 - 90
• Main Authors: Deschênes, Sonya S., Ph.D, Burns, Rachel J., Ph.D, Graham, Eva, M.Sc, Schmitz, Norbert, Ph.D
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Inc 01-10-2016
• Subjects: Adult; Aged; Anxiety; Anxiety - diagnosis; Anxiety - epidemiology; Anxiety - psychology; Cohort Studies; Cohort study; Depression; Depression - diagnosis; Depression - epidemiology; Depression - psychology; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - diagnosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - psychology; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prediabetes; Prediabetic State - diagnosis; Prediabetic State - epidemiology; Prediabetic State - psychology; Psychiatry; Residence Characteristics; Risk Factors; Type 2 diabetes; P rediabetes; D epression; C ohort study; T ype 2 diabetes; A nxiety; Type 2 diabetes; Depression; Anxiety; Prediabetes; Cohort study
• ISSN: 0022-3999; 1879-1360
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.08.011

Abstract Objective To examine the potential synergistic associations between prediabetes, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes. Methods Data were from the Emotional Well-Being, Metabolic Factors and Health Status (EMHS) study and included 2
486 adults between 40
and
69 years without diabetes at baseline. Hemoglobin A1c levels and measures of depressive and anxiety symptoms were collected at baseline and mutually exclusive groups were formed based on the presence/absence of prediabetes and high/low depressive and anxiety symptoms. A follow-up telephone interview conducted approximately 4.6 years later inquired about new diabetes diagnoses. Results 86 participants developed diabetes during the follow-up period. After accounting for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and metabolic characteristics, participants with prediabetes and elevated depressive symptoms had an increased risk of developing diabetes compared to those without prediabetes and with low depressive symptoms (OR = 10.65, 95% CI = 4.60, 24.66). The joint effect of prediabetes and depressive symptoms on diabetes risk was synergistic (Synergy Index = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.02, 6.49). Similar results were found for participants with prediabetes and high symptoms of anxiety (OR = 8.95, 95% CI = 3.54, 22.63), however the joint effect of prediabetes and anxiety symptoms did not significantly exceed additive risk after adjusting for covariates (Synergy Index = 2.39, 95% CI = 0.83, 6.87). Conclusion The combination of prediabetes and depressive or anxiety symptoms was associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes. This study underscores the importance of mental health in the progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes.