Graphene-enhanced electrodes for scalable supercapacitors

• Published in: Electrochimica acta Vol. 257; pp. 372 - 379
• Main Authors: Tsai, I-Ling, Cao, Jianyun, Le Fevre, Lewis, Wang, Bin, Todd, Rebecca, Dryfe, Robert A.W., Forsyth, Andrew J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Elsevier Ltd 10-12-2017; Elsevier BV
• Subjects: Activated carbon; Capacitance; Electrical resistivity; Electrodes; Graphene; Graphene pouch cell; Heat conductivity; High-power; Oxygen content; Scale-up; Supercapacitor; Supercapacitors; Supercapacitor; High-power; Graphene pouch cell; Activated carbon; Scale-up
• ISSN: 0013-4686; 1873-3859
• DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.10.056

A scale-up process of high-rate-capability supercapacitors based on electrochemically exfoliated graphene (EEG) and hybrid activated carbon (AC)/EEG are studied in this work. A comparison of the rate capabilities of large-scale EEG and AC/EEG-based pouch cell and commercial high-power supercapacitors are also presented in this paper. The oxygen content of the EEG used in this work is 9.6 at%, with a C/O ratio of 9.36, and the electrical conductivity is 2.68×104 Sm−1. The specific capacitance (59Fg−1) of the EEG-based supercapacitors remained above 80% of the maximum value as the scan rate was increased from 5mVs−1 to 1Vs−1. Furthermore, our study reveals how the rate capability of activated carbon (AC) based supercapacitors can be improved by adding EEG into the electrodes to form a hybrid AC/EEG supercapacitor. Both the EEG-based and AC/EEG supercapacitors were scaled-up to pouch cells with capacitances of tens of farads. The electrochemical response was unchanged when scaling up from a coin cell to a pouch cell, although the specific capacitance fell slightly. The cycle performance of the AC/EEG pouch cell showed good long-term stability, with better than 95% capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles. Both the EEG and AC/EEG (with 1:1 mass ratio) pouch cells had rate capabilities that compared favourably with the commercial high-power supercapacitors.