Experimental challenge models for Johne's disease: A review and proposed international guidelines

• Published in: Veterinary microbiology Vol. 122; no. 3; pp. 197 - 222
• Main Authors: Hines, Murray E., Stabel, Judith R., Sweeney, Raymond W., Griffin, Frank, Talaat, Adel M., Bakker, Douwe, Benedictus, Geart, Davis, William C., de Lisle, Geoffrey W., Gardner, Ian A., Juste, Ramon A., Kapur, Vivek, Koets, Ad, McNair, Jim, Pruitt, Greg, Whitlock, Robert H.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 21-06-2007; Elsevier Science
• Subjects: animal age; animal diseases; Animal models; Animals; Biological and medical sciences; Cattle; Cervidae; Challenge; Disease Models, Animal; dosage; drug evaluation; experimental design; Experimental infection; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Goats; guidelines; inoculation methods; international policy and programs; Johne's disease; literature reviews; livestock; Mice; Microbiology; Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis; Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis - immunology; Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis - pathogenicity; Paratuberculosis; Paratuberculosis - prevention & control; Practice Guidelines as Topic; quality control; Sheep; Species Specificity; strains; vaccination; Vaccination - veterinary; vaccines; wildlife diseases; Experimental infection; Animal models; Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis; Paratuberculosis; Johne's disease; Challenge; Animal model; Microbiology; Mycobacterium avium; Mycobacterial infection; Review; Infection; Mycobacteriales; Bacteriosis; Mycobacteriaceae; Bacteria; Actinomycetes; Veterinary
• ISSN: 0378-1135; 1873-2542
• DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.03.009

An international committee of Johne's disease (JD) researchers was convened to develop guidelines for JD challenge studies in multiple animal species. The intent was to develop and propose international standard guidelines for models based on animal species that would gain acceptance worldwide. Parameters essential for the development of long-term and short-term infection models were outlined and harmonized to provide a “best fit” JD challenge model for cattle, goats, sheep, cervids, and mice. These models will be useful to study host–pathogen interactions, host immunity at the local and systemic level, and for evaluating vaccine candidates and therapeutics. The consensus guidelines herein list by animal species strains of
Mycobacterium avium subsp.
paratuberculosis used, challenge dose, dose frequency, age of challenge, route of challenge, preparation of inoculum, experimental animal selection, quality control, minimal experimental endpoints and other parameters.