Presence of benzophenones commonly used as UV filters and absorbers in paired maternal and fetal samples
Previous studies have demonstrated widespread exposure of humans to certain benzophenones commonly used as UV filters or UV absorbers; some of which have been demonstrated to have endocrine disrupting abilities. To examine whether benzophenones present in pregnant women pass through the placental ba...
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Published in: | Environment international Vol. 110; pp. 51 - 60 |
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01-01-2018
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Abstract | Previous studies have demonstrated widespread exposure of humans to certain benzophenones commonly used as UV filters or UV absorbers; some of which have been demonstrated to have endocrine disrupting abilities.
To examine whether benzophenones present in pregnant women pass through the placental barrier to amniotic fluid and further to the fetal blood circulation.
A prospective study of 200 pregnant women with simultaneously collected paired samples of amniotic fluid and maternal serum and urine. In addition, unique samples of human fetal blood (n=4) obtained during cordocentesis: and cord blood (n=23) obtained at delivery, both with paired maternal samples of serum and urine collected simultaneously, were used. All biological samples were analyzed by TurboFlow-liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry for seven different benzophenones.
Benzophenone-1 (BP-1), benzophenone-3 (BP-3), 4-methyl-benzophenone (4-MBP), and 4-hydroxy-benzophenone (4-HBP) were all detectable in amniotic fluid and cord blood samples and except 4-HBP also in fetal blood; albeit at a low frequency. BP-1 and BP-3 were measured at ~10-times lower concentrations in fetal and cord blood compared to maternal serum and 1000-times lower concentration compared to maternal urine levels. Therefore BP-1 and BP-3 were only detectable in the fetal circulation in cases of high maternal exposure indicating some protection by the placental barrier. 4-MBP seems to pass into fetal and cord blood more freely with a median 1:3 ratio between cord blood and maternal serum levels. Only for BP-3, which the women seemed to be most exposed to, did the measured concentrations in maternal urine and serum correlate to concentrations measured in amniotic fluid. Thus, for BP-3, but not for the other tested benzophenones, maternal urinary levels seem to be a valid proxy for fetal exposure.
Detectable levels of several of the investigated benzophenones in human amniotic fluid as well as in fetal and cord blood calls for further investigations of the toxicokinetic and potential endocrine disrupting properties of these compounds in order for better assessment of the risk to the developing fetus.
•Several benzophenones are detectable in amniotic fluid, fetal- and cord blood.•Significant correlation was found between BP-3 in maternal urine and amniotic fluid indication that BP-3 in maternal urine is a valid proxy for fetal exposure.•BP-1 and BP-3 are detectable in cord blood only in cases of high maternal exposure.•4-MBP seem to pass more freely from mother into fetus. |
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AbstractList | Previous studies have demonstrated widespread exposure of humans to certain benzophenones commonly used as UV filters or UV absorbers; some of which have been demonstrated to have endocrine disrupting abilities.
To examine whether benzophenones present in pregnant women pass through the placental barrier to amniotic fluid and further to the fetal blood circulation.
A prospective study of 200 pregnant women with simultaneously collected paired samples of amniotic fluid and maternal serum and urine. In addition, unique samples of human fetal blood (n=4) obtained during cordocentesis: and cord blood (n=23) obtained at delivery, both with paired maternal samples of serum and urine collected simultaneously, were used. All biological samples were analyzed by TurboFlow-liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry for seven different benzophenones.
Benzophenone-1 (BP-1), benzophenone-3 (BP-3), 4-methyl-benzophenone (4-MBP), and 4-hydroxy-benzophenone (4-HBP) were all detectable in amniotic fluid and cord blood samples and except 4-HBP also in fetal blood; albeit at a low frequency. BP-1 and BP-3 were measured at ~10-times lower concentrations in fetal and cord blood compared to maternal serum and 1000-times lower concentration compared to maternal urine levels. Therefore BP-1 and BP-3 were only detectable in the fetal circulation in cases of high maternal exposure indicating some protection by the placental barrier. 4-MBP seems to pass into fetal and cord blood more freely with a median 1:3 ratio between cord blood and maternal serum levels. Only for BP-3, which the women seemed to be most exposed to, did the measured concentrations in maternal urine and serum correlate to concentrations measured in amniotic fluid. Thus, for BP-3, but not for the other tested benzophenones, maternal urinary levels seem to be a valid proxy for fetal exposure.
Detectable levels of several of the investigated benzophenones in human amniotic fluid as well as in fetal and cord blood calls for further investigations of the toxicokinetic and potential endocrine disrupting properties of these compounds in order for better assessment of the risk to the developing fetus.
•Several benzophenones are detectable in amniotic fluid, fetal- and cord blood.•Significant correlation was found between BP-3 in maternal urine and amniotic fluid indication that BP-3 in maternal urine is a valid proxy for fetal exposure.•BP-1 and BP-3 are detectable in cord blood only in cases of high maternal exposure.•4-MBP seem to pass more freely from mother into fetus. Previous studies have demonstrated widespread exposure of humans to certain benzophenones commonly used as UV filters or UV absorbers; some of which have been demonstrated to have endocrine disrupting abilities. To examine whether benzophenones present in pregnant women pass through the placental barrier to amniotic fluid and further to the fetal blood circulation. A prospective study of 200 pregnant women with simultaneously collected paired samples of amniotic fluid and maternal serum and urine. In addition, unique samples of human fetal blood (n=4) obtained during cordocentesis: and cord blood (n=23) obtained at delivery, both with paired maternal samples of serum and urine collected simultaneously, were used. All biological samples were analyzed by TurboFlow-liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry for seven different benzophenones. Benzophenone-1 (BP-1), benzophenone-3 (BP-3), 4-methyl-benzophenone (4-MBP), and 4-hydroxy-benzophenone (4-HBP) were all detectable in amniotic fluid and cord blood samples and except 4-HBP also in fetal blood; albeit at a low frequency. BP-1 and BP-3 were measured at ~10-times lower concentrations in fetal and cord blood compared to maternal serum and 1000-times lower concentration compared to maternal urine levels. Therefore BP-1 and BP-3 were only detectable in the fetal circulation in cases of high maternal exposure indicating some protection by the placental barrier. 4-MBP seems to pass into fetal and cord blood more freely with a median 1:3 ratio between cord blood and maternal serum levels. Only for BP-3, which the women seemed to be most exposed to, did the measured concentrations in maternal urine and serum correlate to concentrations measured in amniotic fluid. Thus, for BP-3, but not for the other tested benzophenones, maternal urinary levels seem to be a valid proxy for fetal exposure. Detectable levels of several of the investigated benzophenones in human amniotic fluid as well as in fetal and cord blood calls for further investigations of the toxicokinetic and potential endocrine disrupting properties of these compounds in order for better assessment of the risk to the developing fetus. |
Author | Frederiksen, H. Nørgaard, P. Andersson, A.M. Drzewiecki, K.T. Jørgensen, F.S. Jørgensen, C. Ertberg, P. Krause, M. Sundberg, K. Juul, A. Jensen, L.N. Skakkebaek, N.E. |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: M. surname: Krause fullname: Krause, M. organization: Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark – sequence: 2 givenname: H. surname: Frederiksen fullname: Frederiksen, H. organization: Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark – sequence: 3 givenname: K. surname: Sundberg fullname: Sundberg, K. organization: Center of Fetal Medicine and Pregnancy, Department of Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark – sequence: 4 givenname: F.S. surname: Jørgensen fullname: Jørgensen, F.S. organization: Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark – sequence: 5 givenname: L.N. surname: Jensen fullname: Jensen, L.N. organization: Center of Fetal Medicine and Pregnancy, Department of Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark – sequence: 6 givenname: P. surname: Nørgaard fullname: Nørgaard, P. organization: Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark – sequence: 7 givenname: C. surname: Jørgensen fullname: Jørgensen, C. organization: Center of Fetal Medicine and Pregnancy, Department of Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark – sequence: 8 givenname: P. surname: Ertberg fullname: Ertberg, P. organization: Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Denmark – sequence: 9 givenname: A. surname: Juul fullname: Juul, A. organization: Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark – sequence: 10 givenname: K.T. surname: Drzewiecki fullname: Drzewiecki, K.T. organization: Department of Plastic Surgery, Breast Surgery and Burns Treatment, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark – sequence: 11 givenname: N.E. surname: Skakkebaek fullname: Skakkebaek, N.E. organization: Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark – sequence: 12 givenname: A.M. orcidid: 0000-0002-7300-1659 surname: Andersson fullname: Andersson, A.M. email: Anna-Maria.Andersson@regionh.dk organization: Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark |
BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29100749$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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Keywords | Endocrine disruptors Benzophenone-1 (BP-1) 4-Methyl-benzophenone (4-MBP) Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) Fetal exposure 4-Hydroxy-benzophenone (4-HBP) |
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Snippet | Previous studies have demonstrated widespread exposure of humans to certain benzophenones commonly used as UV filters or UV absorbers; some of which have been... |
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SubjectTerms | 4-Hydroxy-benzophenone (4-HBP) 4-Methyl-benzophenone (4-MBP) Adult Amniotic Fluid - chemistry Benzophenone-1 (BP-1) Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) Benzophenones - blood Benzophenones - urine Chromatography, Liquid Endocrine disruptors Female Fetal Blood - chemistry Fetal exposure Humans Maternal Exposure - adverse effects Pregnancy Prospective Studies Sunscreening Agents - toxicity |
Title | Presence of benzophenones commonly used as UV filters and absorbers in paired maternal and fetal samples |
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