Quantitative evaluation of stress in Japanese anesthesiology residents based on heart rate variability and psychological testing

• Published in: Journal of clinical monitoring and computing Vol. 34; no. 2; pp. 371 - 377
• Main Authors: Hattori, Kohshi, Asamoto, Masaaki, Otsuji, Mikiya, Ito, Nobuko, Kasahara, Satoshi, Hashimoto, Yoko, Yamada, Yoshitsugu
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01-04-2020; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adult; Affect; Analysis of Variance; Anesthesia; Anesthesiologists - psychology; Anesthesiology; Anesthesiology - education; Autonomic nervous system; Autonomic Nervous System - physiopathology; Critical Care Medicine; Electrocardiography; Electrocardiography, Ambulatory - statistics & numerical data; Female; Health Sciences; Heart rate; Heart Rate - physiology; Humans; Intensive; Internship and Residency - statistics & numerical data; Intervals; Japan; Male; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Nervous system; Occupational Stress - diagnosis; Occupational Stress - physiopathology; Occupational Stress - psychology; Original Research; Physiology; Psychological tests; Quantitative analysis; Questionnaires; Standard deviation; Statistics for Life Sciences; Stress; Stress (physiology); Stress, Physiological; Surveys and Questionnaires - statistics & numerical data; Young Adult; Japan; Perioperative stress monitoring; Psychological mood; Autonomic nervous system; Heart rate variability; Working environment of anesthesiology residents
• ISSN: 1387-1307; 1573-2614
• DOI: 10.1007/s10877-019-00305-z

Clinical anesthesiologists, particularly residents, work in stressful environments. However, evidence-based physiological and psychological tests to evaluate stress are still lacking. In this single-center study of 33 residents, we investigated the relationship between heart rate variability (HRV), which had the potential to screen residents’ stress levels using Holter electrocardiography (ECG) and psychological mood as assessed by the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire. HRV analysis revealed 2 findings. Firstly, standard deviation of the average of 5-min normal-to-normal R–R intervals (SDANN) was significant lower than that of same-aged healthy volunteers (69.3 ± 27.9 vs. 137.0 ± 43.0 ms, P < 0.05), which indicated suppression of autonomic nervous system activity throughout their work. Secondly, at induction of anesthesia, significant higher low frequency/high frequency ratio (LF/HF ratio: 1.326 vs. 0.846; P < 0.05) and lower HF (3326 vs. 5967 ms
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; P < 0.05) and lower standard deviation of normal-to-normal R–R intervals (SDNN: 50.5 vs. 79.4 ms; nervous system was suppressed at the induction of anesthesia: expected to be the most stressful period of their work. On the other hand, deviation scores of POMS questionnaire elucidated that all the residents were within normal range of psychological mood, and without any significant diurnal changes with respect to total mood disturbance deviation (TMD) scores (48 vs. 47; P = 0.368). HRV elucidated physiological stress among anesthesiology residents quantitatively by evaluating autonomic nervous activities, especially at induction of anesthesia. These changes in HRV could be observed regardless of psychological mood.