Effect of different head and neck positions on behaviour, heart rate variability and cortisol levels in lunged Royal Dutch Sport horses

•Five different head-and-neck positions (HNPs) are discussed in relation to potential welfare issues for the equine athlete.•Increased conflict behaviour was mostly observed in ‘raised’ head-and-neck positions.•Heart rate variability suggests a sympathetic shift for the ‘neck raised’ and the ‘neck l...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	The veterinary journal (1997) Vol. 202; no. 1; pp. 26 - 32
Main Authors:	Smiet, E., Van Dierendonck, M.C., Sleutjens, J., Menheere, P.P.C.A., van Breda, E., de Boer, D., Back, W., Wijnberg, I.D., van der Kolk, J.H.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Elsevier Ltd 01-10-2014
Subjects:	Animals Behaviour Biomechanical Phenomena Cortisol Equine welfare Female Gait Head Head-and-neck position Heart Rate - physiology Heart rate variability Horses - physiology Hydrocortisone - blood Male Neck Physical Conditioning, Animal - physiology Posture Rollkur Cortisol Head-and-neck position Behaviour Equine welfare Heart rate variability Rollkur
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