A bispecific anti-PD-1 and PD-L1 antibody induces PD-1 cleavage and provides enhanced anti-tumor activity

• Published in: Oncoimmunology Vol. 13; no. 1; p. 2316945
• Main Authors: Albu, Diana I, Wolf, Benjamin J, Qin, Yan, Wang, Xianzhe, Daniel Ulumben, Amy, Su, Mei, Li, Vivian, Ding, Eirene, Angel Gonzalo, Jose, Kong, Jason, Jadhav, Ruturaj, Kuklin, Nelly, Visintin, Alberto, Gong, Bing, Schuetz, Thomas J
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Taylor & Francis 2024; Taylor & Francis Group
• Subjects: Animals; Antibodies, Bispecific - pharmacology; Antibodies, Bispecific - therapeutic use; B7-H1 Antigen; Cancer immunotherapy; immuno-oncology; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphocyte Activation; Mice; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor; Special Report; Cancer immunotherapy; immuno-oncology
• ISSN: 2162-402X; 2162-4011; 2162-402X
• DOI: 10.1080/2162402X.2024.2316945

Combinatorial strategies, such as targeting different immune checkpoint receptors, hold promise to increase the breadth and duration of the response to cancer therapy. Here we describe the preclinical evaluation of CTX-8371, a protein construct which combines PD-1 and PD-L1 targeting in one bispecific, tetravalent antibody. CTX-8371 matched or surpassed the activity of anti-PD-1 and PD-L1 benchmark antibodies in several
T cell activation assays and outperformed clinically approved benchmarks in the subcutaneous MC38 colon and the B16F10 lung metastasis mouse tumor models. Investigation into the mechanism of action revealed that CTX-8371 co-engagement of PD-1 and PD-L1 induced the proteolytic cleavage and loss of cell surface PD-1, which is a novel and non-redundant mechanism that adds to the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling axis blockade. The combination of CTX-8371 and an agonistic anti-CD137 antibody further increased the anti-tumor efficacy with long-lasting curative therapeutic effect. In summary, CTX-8371 is a novel checkpoint inhibitor that might provide greater clinical benefit compared to current anti-PD-1 and PD-L1 antibodies, especially when combined with agents with orthogonal mechanisms of action, such as agonistic anti-CD137 antibodies.