Circulating total 25(OH)D and calculated free 25(OH)D in professional academy footballers at a northerly latitude in the UK

• Published in: Biology of sport Vol. 41; no. 2; pp. 201 - 208
• Main Authors: Bowles, Simon D, Basu, Subhashis, Ranchordas, Mayur K, Simper, Trevor, Lynn, Anthony
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Poland Institute of Sport in Warsaw 01-01-2024; Termedia Publishing House
• Subjects: 25(oh)2d; footballers; free 1; free 25(oh)d; Original Paper; total 25(oh)d; Total 25(OH)D; Footballers; Free 1, 25(OH)2D; Free 25(OH)D
• ISSN: 0860-021X; 2083-1862
• DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2024.131822

There is limited data on the vitamin D status of UK-based professional academy footballers. Therefore, the objective of this study was to report total 25(OH)D, free 25(OH)D and free 1, 25(OH)
D at the end of the winter (March) and summer periods (October) in a cohort (n = 27) of professional academy footballers in northern England. Blood samples were collected to measure total 25(OH)D, parathyroid hormone, vitamin D binding protein, albumin and calcium. Free 25(OH)D and 1, 25(OH)
D were calculated. Dietary vitamin D intake and retrospective summer sunlight exposure were also collected. At the end of winter, 2/27 (7.4%) players were vitamin D deficient (25(OH)D < 30 nmol/l) and 11/27 (40.7%) were insufficient (25(OH)D > 30 nmol/l < 50 nmol/l). By the end of summer, none were deficient but 3/14 (21.4%) were still insufficient. Median total 25(OH)D (82.2 nmol/l [IQR: 50.3-90.2] vs. 54.2 nmol/l [IQR: 36.8-71.9]; P = .02), free 25(OH)D (25.8 pmol/l [IQR: 15.1-33.1] vs. 13.2 pmol/l [IQR: 9.0-14.9]; P = .005) and free 1, 25(OH)
D (389 fmol/l [IQR: 209-594] vs. 212 fmol/l [IQR: 108-278]; P = .034) were significantly higher at the end of summer than the end of winter. At the end of winter, free 25(OH)D was lower (P = .003) in those vitamin D insufficient (8.8 pmol/l [IQR: 5.5-11.8]) vs. sufficient (13.7 pmol/l [IQR: 12.0-17.0]). There was a high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency at the end of the winter. Free 25(OH)D was also lower at the winter timepoint and in players that were insufficient vs. sufficient.