Chikungunya Virus RNA Secondary Structures Impact Defective Viral Genome Production

• Published in: Microorganisms (Basel) Vol. 12; no. 9; p. 1794
• Main Authors: Levi, Laura I, Madden, Emily A, Boussier, Jeremy, Erazo, Diana, Sanders, Wes, Vallet, Thomas, Bernhauerova, Veronika, Moorman, Nathaniel J, Heise, Mark T, Vignuzzi, Marco
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 29-08-2024; MDPI
• Subjects: Acylation; Addition polymerization; Biotechnology industry; Cell culture; Chikungunya virus; defective viral genome; DNA polymerase; DNA-directed RNA polymerase; Gene deletion; Gene sequencing; Genomes; Genomics; Infections; Mutation; Next-generation sequencing; Nucleotides; Plasmids; Protein structure; Replication; RNA; RNA secondary structure; RNA viruses; Scientific equipment and supplies industry; Secondary structure; SHAPE-MaP; Vector-borne diseases; Viruses; United States; St Louis Missouri; Grand Island; United States > US; Germany; chikungunya virus; defective viral genome; RNA secondary structure; SHAPE-MaP
• ISSN: 2076-2607; 2076-2607
• DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12091794

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne RNA virus that poses an emerging threat to humans. In a manner similar to other RNA viruses, CHIKV encodes an error-prone RNA polymerase which, in addition to producing full-length genomes, gives rise to truncated, non-functional genomes, which have been coined defective viral genomes (DVGs). DVGs have been intensively studied in the context of therapy, as they can inhibit viral replication and dissemination in their hosts. In this work, we interrogate the influence of viral RNA secondary structures on the production of CHIKV DVGs. We experimentally map RNA secondary structures of the CHIKV genome using selective 2'-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension and mutational profiling (SHAPE-MaP), which couples chemical labelling with next-generation sequencing. We correlate the inferred secondary structure with preferred deletion sites of CHIKV DVGs. We document an increased probability of DVG generation with truncations at unpaired nucleotides within the secondary structure. We then generated a CHIKV mutant bearing synonymous changes at the nucleotide level to disrupt the existing RNA secondary structure (CHIKV-D2S). We show that CHIKV-D2S presents altered DVG generation compared to wild-type virus, correlating with the change in RNA secondary structure obtained by SHAPE-MaP. Our work thus demonstrates that RNA secondary structure impacts CHIKV DVG production during replication.