Benin stroke score in the diagnosis of acute brain infarct: a pilot study in Senegalese Africans

• Published in: Annals of African medicine Vol. 13; no. 4; pp. 157 - 160
• Main Authors: Aiwansoba, Imarhiagbe Frank, Ibiene, Okaka Enajite, Ashinedu, Ugiagbe Rose, Olubunmi, Ogunrin Akindele, Mohammadu, Ndiaye Mansour
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: India Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd 01-10-2014; Medknow Publications & Media Pvt. Ltd
• Subjects: Age; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood pressure; Brain; Brain Infarction - diagnosis; Emergency medical care; Evaluation; Female; French language; Glasgow Coma Scale; Humans; Infarction; Male; Medical imaging; Medical personnel; Medical tests; Middle Aged; NMR; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Practice guidelines (Medicine); Predictive Value of Tests; Psychometrics; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Stroke; Stroke - diagnosis
• DOI: 10.4103/1596-3519.142278
• EISSN: 0975-5764
• ISSN: 1596-3519

The Benin stroke score (BSS) is a validated tool in the diagnosis of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) but not in the diagnosis of brain infarct. The aim of this report is to specifically validate the BSS in the clinical diagnosis of acute brain infarct.
A total of 60 participants with a presumptive diagnosis of acute stroke in a busy tertiary neurologic care centre in Francophone West Africa were evaluated within 48 h of onset of symptoms with the BSS after basic data were obtained, before computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scans was used as gold standard. BSS is a three-item tool that scores age, supine diastolic blood pressure, and Glasgow coma scale with a minimum score of 0 and a maximum score of 3.5. A score of 2.5 or less is diagnostic for a brain infarct.
The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive and negative likelihood ratios of BSS in the diagnosis of brain infarct were 83.78%, 69.56%, 81.57%, 72.72%, 2.75, and 0.23, respectively. BSS agreed with neuroimaging in the diagnosis of all stroke subtypes significantly on kappa statistics (k = 0.538, P < 0.001) and interrater and intrarater reliability between two cadres of medical personnel in the use of BSS were significant (r = 0.9. 0.95, 0.95, P < 0.001, <0.001, <0.001), respectively.
BSS as a simple clinical tool could be used with appreciable levels of accuracy in the clinical diagnosis of acute brain infarct where neuroimaging may not be available or immediately inaccessible, much the same way it is being used for ICH.