Nicotinamide riboside reduces cardiometabolic risk factors and modulates cardiac oxidative stress in obese Wistar rats under caloric restriction

• Published in: Life sciences (1973) Vol. 263; p. 118596
• Main Authors: de Castro, Josimar Macedo, Assumpção, José Antônio Fagundes, Stein, Dirson João, Toledo, Roberta Ströher, da Silva, Lisiane Santos, Caumo, Wolnei, Carraro, Cristina Campos, da Rosa Araujo, Alex Sander, Torres, Iraci L.S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier Inc 15-12-2020; Elsevier BV
• Subjects: Adipose tissue; Animal model 8; Animal models; Animals; Antioxidants; Antioxidants - metabolism; Body weight; Body weight gain; Cafeteria diet 7; Caloric Restriction; Caloric restriction 2; Cardiometabolic Risk Factors; Cardiovascular diseases; Cardiovascular diseases 6; Catalase; Coronary artery disease; Diet; Dietary restrictions; Food processing; Glutathione; Glutathione peroxidase; Health risks; Heart; Heart diseases; High density lipoprotein; Hyperglycemia; Hypertriglyceridemia; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Male; Metabolic syndrome 5; NAD; NAD(P)H oxidase; NADPH; Niacinamide - analogs & derivatives; Niacinamide - pharmacology; Nicotinamide; Nicotinamide riboside 1; Obesity; Obesity - complications; Obesity 4; Oral administration; Oxidants; Oxidative stress; Oxidative Stress - drug effects; Oxidative stress 3; Oxidizing agents; Parameters; Peroxidase; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Risk analysis; Risk factors; Rodents; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances - metabolism; Weight reduction; Cardiovascular diseases 6; Obesity 4; Nicotinamide riboside 1; Animal model 8; Oxidative stress 3; Cafeteria diet 7; Metabolic syndrome 5; Caloric restriction 2
• ISSN: 0024-3205; 1879-0631
• DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118596

NAD-based therapeutic strategies are encouraged against obesity and heart disease. Our study, therefore, aimed to investigate the effects of nicotinamide riboside (NR), isolated or combined with caloric restriction (CR), both approaches well-known for stimulating NAD levels, on adiposity parameters, cardiometabolic factors and cardiac oxidative stress in rats submitted to cafeteria diet (CAF).
After 42 days of CAF-induced obesity (hypercaloric and ultra-processed foods common to humans), we examined the effects of oral administration of NR (400 mg/kg for 28 days), combined or not with CR (−62% kcal, for 28 days), on anthropometric, metabolic, tissue, and cardiac oxidative stress parameters in obese male Wistar rats.
In obese rats, treatment with NR alone mitigated final body weight gain, reduced adiposity (visceral and subcutaneous), improved insulin resistance, and decreased TG/HDL ratio and heart size. In cardiac OS, treatment with NR increased the antioxidant capacity via glutathione peroxidase and catalase enzymes (in rats under CR) as well as reduced the pro-oxidant complex NADPH oxidase (in obese and lean rats). Hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia and elevated levels of TBARS in the heart were state-dependent adverse effects, induced by treatment with NR.
This is the first study to report effects of nicotinamide riboside on cardiac oxidative stress in an obesity model. Nicotinamide riboside, a natural dietary compound, presented antiobesity effects and cardiometabolic benefits, in addition to positively modulating oxidative stress in the heart, in a state-dependent manner.
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•Cafeteria diet in rats is a robust model to induce an obese phenotype, cardiometabolic alterations and cardiac hypertrophy;•Nicotinamide Riboside engenders anti-obesity effects, mitigating parameters associated with the metabolic syndrome;•Nicotinamide Riboside proved to be cardioprotective, demonstrating cardiac antioxidant properties.