Interleukin-12 promotes pathologic liver changes and death in mice coinfected with Schistosoma mansoni and Toxoplasma gondii

• Published in: Infection and immunity Vol. 69; no. 3; pp. 1454 - 1462
• Main Authors: ARAUJO, Maria Ilma, BLISS, Susan K, SUZUKI, Yasuhiro, ALCARAZ, Ana, DENKERS, Eric Y, PEARCE, Edward J
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Washington, DC American Society for Microbiology 01-03-2001
• Subjects: Animals; Bacterial diseases; Biological and medical sciences; Experimental bacterial diseases and models; Experimental helminthic diseases. Models; Female; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Fungal and Parasitic Infections; Helminthic diseases; Infectious diseases; Inflammation Mediators - metabolism; Interleukin-12 - genetics; Interleukin-12 - immunology; Liver - pathology; Medical sciences; Mice; Mice, Mutant Strains; Microbiology; Parasitic diseases; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis mansoni - complications; Schistosomiasis mansoni - immunology; Schistosomiasis mansoni - mortality; Schistosomiasis mansoni - pathology; Survival Analysis; Survivors; Th2 Cells; Toxoplasma gondii; Toxoplasmosis, Animal - complications; Toxoplasmosis, Animal - immunology; Toxoplasmosis, Animal - mortality; Toxoplasmosis, Animal - pathology; Alteration; Hepatic disease; Trematoda; Necrosis; Serum; Tumor; Damage; Parasitemia; Tumor necrosis factor α; Protozoa; Schistosoma mansoni; Apicomplexa; Mortality; Rodentia; Cytokine; Plathelmintha; Interleukin 12; Parasitosis; Infection; Vertebrata; Mammalia; Toxoplasma gondii; Mouse; Tumor necrosis factor; Helmintha; Digestive diseases; Invertebrata; Acceleration; Severe
• ISSN: 0019-9567; 1098-5522
• DOI: 10.1128/IAI.69.3.1454-1462.2001

We previously demonstrated that mice concurrently infected with Schistosoma mansoni and Toxoplasma gondii undergo accelerated mortality which is preceded by severe liver damage. Abnormally high levels of serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in the dually infected mice suggested a role for this and related proinflammatory mediators in the pathologic alterations. In order to evaluate the factors involved in increased inflammatory-mediator production and mortality, interleukin-12(-/-) (IL-12(-/-)) mice were coinfected with S. mansoni and T. gondii, and survival and immune responses were monitored. These IL-12(-/-) mice displayed decreased liver damage and prolonged time to death relative to wild-type animals also coinfected with these parasites. Relative to the response of cells from the coinfected wild-type animals, levels of TNF-alpha, gamma interferon, and NO produced by splenocytes from coinfected IL-12(-/-) mice were reduced, and levels of IL-5 and IL-10 were increased, with the net result that the immune response of the dually infected IL-12(-/-) mice was similar to that of the wild-type mice infected with S. mansoni alone. While dually infected wild-type animals succumb in the absence of overt parasitemia, the delayed death in the absence of IL-12 is associated with relatively uncontrolled T. gondii replication. These data support the view that S. mansoni-infected mice are acutely sensitive to infection with T. gondii as a result of their increased hepatic sensitivity to high levels of proinflammatory cytokines; IL-12 and TNF-alpha are implicated in this process.