A Comparison of the Surface and Mechanical Properties of 3D Printable Denture‐Base Resin Material and Conventional Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)

• Published in: Journal of prosthodontics Vol. 32; no. 1; pp. 40 - 48
• Main Authors: Al‐Dwairi, Ziad N., Al Haj Ebrahim, Abdulkareem A., Baba, Nadim Z.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-01-2023
• Subjects: 3D printed resin; CAD‐CAM; Complete denture; Contact angle; Denture Bases; Dentures; digital denture; Flexural Strength; Heat; Impact strength; Materials Testing; Mechanical properties; PMMA; Polymethyl Methacrylate; Polymethylmethacrylate; Scanning electron microscopy; Statistical analysis; Surface Properties; CAD-CAM; digital denture; polymethylmethacrylate; PMMA; Complete denture; 3D printed resin
• ISSN: 1059-941X; 1532-849X
• DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13491

Purpose
To study the surface and mechanical properties of 3D printed denture‐base resin materials and compare them with conventional heat‐cured polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA).
Materials and methods
Three brands of 3D printed denture‐base resin materials and one conventional heat‐cured PMMA were tested in this study: NextDent 3D printed resin, Dentona 3D printed resin, ASIGA 3D printed resin, and Meliodent conventional PMMA. Sixty specimens (25 × 25 × 3 mm) were fabricated (n=15 per group) to perform the following tests: wettability, surface roughness, and microhardness. One hundred twenty specimens (65 × 10 × 3 mm) were fabricated (n=30 per group) and stored in distilled water at (37 ±1°C) for 7 days. Specimens (N = 15) in each group were subjected to the three‐point bending test and impact strength test, employing the Charpy configuration on un‐notched specimens. The morphology of the fractured specimens was studied under scanning electron microscope (SEM). Statistical analysis was performed using one‐way ANOVA and Tukey‐pairwise multiple comparisons with 95% confidence interval. P‐values of ≤0.05 were considered significant.
Results
The conventional heat‐cured specimens demonstrated the highest means of surface roughness (0.23 ± 0.07 μm), Vickers hardness number (18.11 ±0.65) and flexural strength (92.44 ±7.91 MPa), and the lowest mean of contact angle (66.71° ±3.38°). ASIGA group showed the highest mean of contact angle (73.44° ±2.74°) and the lowest mean of surface roughness (0.19 ±0.03 μm). The highest mean of impact strength was recorded in the Dentona group (17.98 ±1.76 kg/m2). NextDent specimens showed the lowest means of Vickers hardness number (16.20 ±0.93), flexural strength (74.89 ±8.44 MPa), impact strength (15.20 ±0.69 kg/m2), and recorded the highest mean of bending modulus (2,115.80 ±178.95 MPa).
Conclusions
3D printed resin exhibited noticeable differences in surface and mechanical properties between different brands and with conventional heat‐polymerized PMMA.