Field evaluation of a volatile pyrethroid spatial repellent and etofenprox treated clothing for outdoor protection against forest malaria vectors in Cambodia

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 14; no. 1; pp. 17348 - 13
• Main Authors: Vajda, Élodie A., Ross, Amanda, Doum, Dyna, Fairbanks, Emma L., Chitnis, Nakul, Hii, Jeffrey, Moore, Sarah J., Richardson, Jason H., Macdonald, Michael, Sovannaroth, Siv, Kimheng, Pen, McIver, David J., Tatarsky, Allison, Lobo, Neil F.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 29-07-2024; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 631/158/856; 639/705; 639/705/1042; 639/705/1046; 639/705/531; 692/699/255; Animals; Anopheles; Anopheles - drug effects; Aquatic insects; Cambodia; Cyclopropanes; Disease transmission; Fluorobenzenes; Forests; Humanities and Social Sciences; Humans; Insect bites; Insect Bites and Stings - prevention & control; Insect Repellents - pharmacology; Insecticides; Insecticides - pharmacology; Malaria; Malaria - prevention & control; Malaria - transmission; Mathematical models; Mosquito Control - methods; Mosquito Vectors - drug effects; multidisciplinary; Pyrethrins - pharmacology; Pyrethroids; Repellents; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Vector-borne diseases; Vectors; Cambodia
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67470-3

Cambodia’s goal to eliminate malaria by 2025 is challenged by persistent transmission in forest and forest fringe areas, where people are exposed to
Anopheles
mosquito bites during the day and night. Volatile pyrethroid spatial repellents (VPSRs) and insecticide-treated clothing (ITC) could address these gaps. This study evaluated the outdoor application of one passive transfluthrin-based VPSR, four etofenprox-ITCs paired with a picaridin topical repellent, and a combination of VPSR and ITC against wild
Anopheles
landing in Cambodia. A 7 × 7 Latin-square study was conducted over 49 collection nights in temporary open structures in Mondulkiri Province. All interventions substantially reduced
Anopheles
landing, with protective efficacy ranging from 61 to 95%. Mathematical modeling showed significant reductions in vectoral capacity, especially with the combined ITC and VPSR and VPSR alone, albeit with decreased effectiveness over time. These interventions have the potential to reduce outdoor and daytime
Anopheles
biting, offering valuable contributions to malaria elimination efforts in Cambodia and the Greater Mekong Subregion, contingent upon achieving effective coverage and adherence.