A study of pediatric blood lead levels in a lead mining area in South Africa
This study aimed to determine the blood lead distributions among young children in the lead mining town of Aggeneys in South Africa's Northern Cape Province, and in the comparison community of Pella, about 40 Km away. A further objective of the study was to explore factors associated with eleva...
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| Published in: | Environmental research Vol. 93; no. 3; pp. 259 - 263 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier Inc
01-11-2003
Elsevier |
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| Abstract | This study aimed to determine the blood lead distributions among young children in the lead mining town of Aggeneys in South Africa's Northern Cape Province, and in the comparison community of Pella, about 40
Km away. A further objective of the study was to explore factors associated with elevated blood lead levels. Children aged between 6 and 10 years (average age, 8 years) were studied, 86 from Aggeneys and 68 from Pella. The results showed that blood lead levels among the children of Aggeneys averaged around 16
μg/dL, while in Pella the mean blood lead level equaled 13
μg/dL. Overall, children with raised blood lead levels performed less well at school relative to other children. Within Aggeneys, fathers of “high” lead children tended to shower at work rather than at home, which may have been insufficient to prevent lead from being transported into the home. In conclusion, more stringent environmental control measures are needed, as well as stricter personal hygiene measures, to prevent childhood lead exposure in the mining community. |
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| AbstractList | This study aimed to determine the blood lead distributions among young children in the lead mining town of Aggeneys in South Africa's Northern Cape Province, and in the comparison community of Pella, about 40 Km away. A further objective of the study was to explore factors associated with elevated blood lead levels. Children aged between 6 and 10 years (average age, 8 years) were studied, 86 from Aggeneys and 68 from Pella. The results showed that blood lead levels among the children of Aggeneys averaged around 16 microg/dL, while in Pella the mean blood lead level equaled 13 microg/dL. Overall, children with raised blood lead levels performed less well at school relative to other children. Within Aggeneys, fathers of "high" lead children tended to shower at work rather than at home, which may have been insufficient to prevent lead from being transported into the home. In conclusion, more stringent environmental control measures are needed, as well as stricter personal hygiene measures, to prevent childhood lead exposure in the mining community. This study aimed to determine the blood lead distributions among young children in the lead mining town of Aggeneys in South Africa's Northern Cape Province, and in the comparison community of Pella, about 40Km away. A further objective of the study was to explore factors associated with elevated blood lead levels. Children aged between 6 and 10 years (average age, 8 years) were studied, 86 from Aggeneys and 68 from Pella. The results showed that blood lead levels among the children of Aggeneys averaged around 16 mu g/dL, while in Pella the mean blood lead level equaled 13 mu g/dL. Overall, children with raised blood lead levels performed less well at school relative to other children. Within Aggeneys, fathers of 'high' lead children tended to shower at work rather than at home, which may have been insufficient to prevent lead from being transported into the home. In conclusion, more stringent environmental control measures are needed, as well as stricter personal hygiene measures, to prevent childhood lead exposure in the mining community. This study aimed to determine the blood lead distributions among young children in the lead mining town of Aggeneys in South Africa's Northern Cape Province, and in the comparison community of Pella, about 40 Km away. A further objective of the study was to explore factors associated with elevated blood lead levels. Children aged between 6 and 10 years (average age, 8 years) were studied, 86 from Aggeneys and 68 from Pella. The results showed that blood lead levels among the children of Aggeneys averaged around 16 μg/dL, while in Pella the mean blood lead level equaled 13 μg/dL. Overall, children with raised blood lead levels performed less well at school relative to other children. Within Aggeneys, fathers of “high” lead children tended to shower at work rather than at home, which may have been insufficient to prevent lead from being transported into the home. In conclusion, more stringent environmental control measures are needed, as well as stricter personal hygiene measures, to prevent childhood lead exposure in the mining community. |
| Author | Robertson, Priscilla Strauss, Nicolene Mathee, Angela Blignaut, Reinette Schirnding, Yasmin von Kibel, Maurice |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Yasmin von surname: Schirnding fullname: Schirnding, Yasmin von organization: World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland – sequence: 2 givenname: Angela surname: Mathee fullname: Mathee, Angela email: amathee@mrc.ac.za organization: South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 87373, Houghton 2041, South Africa – sequence: 3 givenname: Maurice surname: Kibel fullname: Kibel, Maurice organization: Child Health Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa – sequence: 4 givenname: Priscilla surname: Robertson fullname: Robertson, Priscilla organization: South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 87373, Houghton 2041, South Africa – sequence: 5 givenname: Nicolene surname: Strauss fullname: Strauss, Nicolene organization: South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 87373, Houghton 2041, South Africa – sequence: 6 givenname: Reinette surname: Blignaut fullname: Blignaut, Reinette organization: South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 87373, Houghton 2041, South Africa |
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| Keywords | Mining Environment Children Blood lead Human Proximity Rate Epidemiology Blood Heavy metal Residential zone Pollutant Mine Lead Child Mining industry |
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Res. doi: 10.1006/enrs.2001.4311 contributor: fullname: Paoliello – volume: 72 start-page: 118 year: 1997 ident: 10.1016/S0013-9351(03)00117-8_BIB15 article-title: The internal burden of lead among children in a smelter town—a small area analysis publication-title: Environ. Res. doi: 10.1006/enrs.1996.3720 contributor: fullname: Trepka – volume: 33 start-page: 1247 year: 1969 ident: 10.1016/S0013-9351(03)00117-8_BIB7 article-title: Chemical concentrations of pollutant lead aerosols, terrestrial dusts and sea salts in Greenland and Antarctic snow strata publication-title: Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta doi: 10.1016/0016-7037(69)90045-3 contributor: fullname: Murozumi – volume: 27 start-page: 763 year: 1977 ident: 10.1016/S0013-9351(03)00117-8_BIB19 article-title: The Silver Valley lead study publication-title: Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 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Res. doi: 10.1016/0013-9351(81)90047-5 contributor: fullname: Brunekreef – volume: 89 start-page: 889 year: 1994 ident: 10.1016/S0013-9351(03)00117-8_BIB4 article-title: Sources and pathways of lead in humans from the broken hill mining community—an alternative use of exploration methods publication-title: Econ. Geol. doi: 10.2113/gsecongeo.89.4.889 contributor: fullname: Gulson – volume: 84 start-page: 233 year: 1988 ident: 10.1016/S0013-9351(03)00117-8_BIB12 article-title: Quality control for analysing lead in blood publication-title: S. Afr. J. Sci. contributor: fullname: Röllin – volume: 53 start-page: 414 year: 1998 ident: 10.1016/S0013-9351(03)00117-8_BIB6 article-title: Relationship between lead mining and blood lead levels in children publication-title: Arch. Environ. Health doi: 10.1080/00039899809605730 contributor: fullname: Murgueytio – volume: 11 start-page: 158 year: 1990 ident: 10.1016/S0013-9351(03)00117-8_BIB14 article-title: Assessing the contribution from lead in mining wastes to blood lead publication-title: Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. doi: 10.1016/0273-2300(90)90019-8 contributor: fullname: Steele |
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| SubjectTerms | Biological and medical sciences Blood lead Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases Child Children Environment Environmental Exposure Environmental Pollutants - blood Female Humans Hygiene Lead - blood Male Medical sciences Metals and various inorganic compounds Mining Parent-Child Relations South Africa Toxicology |
| Title | A study of pediatric blood lead levels in a lead mining area in South Africa |
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