Effects of incubation temperature on the organic amendment‐mediated control of Fusarium wilt of tomato

• Published in: Annals of applied biology Vol. 164; no. 3; pp. 453 - 463
• Main Authors: Borrego‐Benjumea, A, Basallote‐Ureba, M.J, Abbasi, P.A, Lazarovits, G, Melero‐Vara, J.M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-05-2014; Blackwell; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions; ammonia; Biological and medical sciences; Deoxyribonucleic acid; disease severity; DNA; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Fungal plant pathogens; Fusarium; Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici; Fusarium wilt; General agronomy. Plant production; heat; incubation period; Lycopersicon esculentum; olive residue compost; Organic soils; Other nutrients. Amendments. Solid and liquid wastes. Sludges and slurries; Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection; Plant diseases; plant pathogens; Poultry manure; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; Sandy soils; Soil amendment; soil amendments; soil pH; Soil treatment; Soil-plant relationships. Soil fertility. Fertilization. Amendments; TaqMan probes; temperature; Tomatoes; toxic compounds from amendments; Temperature; Vegetables; Plant pathogen; Mycosis; Poultry; Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici; Climacteric; TaqMan probes; Fruit vegetable; Probe; Tomato; toxic compounds from amendments; Fungi; Dicotyledones; soil pH; Angiospermae; Lycopersicon esculentum; pH; Fungi Imperfecti; Solanaceae; olive residue compost; C3-Type; Plant production; Compost; Vegetals; Farming animal; Fusarium oxysporum; Incubation; Property of soil; poultry manure; Infection; Composting; Applied biology; Vegetable crop; Residue; Poison; Spermatophyta; Physicochemical properties; Organic amendment
• ISSN: 0003-4746; 1744-7348
• DOI: 10.1111/aab.12116

Organic soil amendments play important roles in the reduction of plant diseases caused by soil‐borne plant pathogens. This study examined the combined effects of concentrations of organic amendments, temperature and period of incubation in soil on the management of Fusarium wilt of tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol). In an experiment with substrate mixture, Fol reduction was higher when the soils were incubated at 35°C than at 30°C. Disease severity was proportionally reduced as the volume of amendment added increased. Furthermore, disease was significantly lower in substrates incubated for 30 days at both temperatures, as compared to substrates incubated for only 15 days. The most effective control was achieved with pelletised poultry manure (PPM). In experiments with natural sandy soil, the effects of amendments on Fol populations, measured by real‐time quantitative PCR with TaqMan probes, were significant. The highest decreases in Fol DNA resulted when the soil was amended with 2% PPM and incubated at 35°C. The reductions in DNA concentrations was most likely related to the accumulations of high concentrations of NH₃ (27.3 mM) in soils treated with 2% PPM and incubated at room temperature (RT; 23 ± 2°C), or at 35°C. Severity of plants grown in soils incubated at RT decreased by over 40%, and more than 73% when incubated at 35°C, regardless of the rate of PPM. The results indicate that the management with PPM, when combined with heating or solarisation, is an effective control measure against Fusarium wilt of tomato.