Delta Variant in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparative Study on Clinical Outcomes Based on Vaccination Status

• Published in: Journal of personalized medicine Vol. 14; no. 4; p. 358
• Main Authors: Vulturar, Damiana-Maria, Moacă, Liviu-Ștefan, Neag, Maria Adriana, Mitre, Andrei-Otto, Alexescu, Teodora-Gabriela, Gherman, Diana, Făgărășan, Iulia, Chețan, Ioana Maria, Gherman, Claudia Diana, Melinte, Oana-Elena, Trofor, Antigona Carmen, Todea, Doina-Adina
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01-04-2024
• Subjects: Analysis; Blood gases; Body mass index; Comparative analysis; COVID-19; COVID-19 vaccines; Disease transmission; Hospitalization; Hospitals; Infection; Infections; Mann-Whitney U test; Metabolism; Mortality; Oxygen saturation; Pandemics; Patient outcomes; Pharmaceutical industry; Proteins; Public health; Romania; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Statistical analysis; Thromboembolism; United Kingdom; United States; Vaccination; Ventilators; United States; United Kingdom; Romania; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; vaccines; mortality; severe disease; Delta variant; ICU admission
• ISSN: 2075-4426; 2075-4426
• DOI: 10.3390/jpm14040358

As the global battle against the COVID-19 pandemic endures, the spread of the Delta variant has introduced nuanced challenges, prompting a nuanced examination.
We performed a multilevel logistic regression analysis encompassing 197 patients, comprising 44 vaccinated individuals (V group) and 153 unvaccinated counterparts (UV). These patients, afflicted with the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2, were hospitalized between October 2021 and February 2022 at the COVID-19 department of a University Centre in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. We compared patient characteristics, CT lung involvement, Padua score, oxygen saturation (O
saturation), ventilation requirements, dynamics of arterial blood gas (ABG) parameters, ICU admission rates, and mortality rates between the two groups.
The UV group exhibited a statistically significant (
< 0.05) proclivity toward developing a more severe form of infection, marked by elevated rates of lung involvement, oxygen requirement, ICU admission, and mortality.
Our findings underscore the substantial efficacy of the vaccine in diminishing the incidence of severe disease, lowering the rates of ICU admissions, and mitigating mortality among hospitalized patients.