Epitope-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte induction by minigene DNA immunization
Plasmid DNA vaccines encoding full-length antigen often induce both potent antibody and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. Here, we examine strategies to exclusively elicit epitope-specific CTL responses using DNA constructs expressing a minimal class I MHC-restricted epitope of the nucleoprote...
Saved in:
Published in: | Vaccine Vol. 17; no. 15; pp. 2081 - 2088 |
---|---|
Main Authors: | , , , |
Format: | Journal Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Oxford
Elsevier Ltd
09-04-1999
Elsevier |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | Get full text |
Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
Abstract | Plasmid DNA vaccines encoding full-length antigen often induce both potent antibody and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. Here, we examine strategies to exclusively elicit epitope-specific CTL responses using DNA constructs expressing a minimal class I MHC-restricted epitope of the nucleoprotein (NP) of influenza virus. The effects of the addition of an ER leader sequence or cytokine combination on minigene-induced CTL responses in vivo were assessed following both delivery by needle injection into skeletal muscle and by gene gun bombardment into skin epidermis. Our data indicate that the leader sequence enhanced the magnitude of the CTL responses, whereas co-injection of the cytokine genes IL-12 and GM-CSF had a minimal effect. An antibody response against NP was not observed in any of the mice receiving the minigene constructs. |
---|---|
AbstractList | Plasmid DNA vaccines encoding full-length antigen often induce both potent antibody and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. Here, we examine strategies to exclusively elicit epitope-specific CTL responses using DNA constructs expressing a minimal class I MHC-restricted epitope of the nucleoprotein (NP) of influenza virus. The effects of the addition of an ER leader sequence or cytokine combination on minigene-induced CTL responses in vivo were assessed following both delivery by needle injection into skeletal muscle and by gene gun bombardment into skin epidermis. Our data indicate that the leader sequence enhanced the magnitude of the CTL responses, whereas co-injection of the cytokine genes IL-12 and GM-CSF had a minimal effect. An antibody response against NP was not observed in any of the mice receiving the minigene constructs. |
Author | Barber, Brian H Young, Alex R Dela Cruz, Charles S Iwasaki, Akiko |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Akiko surname: Iwasaki fullname: Iwasaki, Akiko – sequence: 2 givenname: Charles S surname: Dela Cruz fullname: Dela Cruz, Charles S – sequence: 3 givenname: Alex R surname: Young fullname: Young, Alex R – sequence: 4 givenname: Brian H surname: Barber fullname: Barber, Brian H |
BackLink | http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=1787140$$DView record in Pascal Francis https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10217610$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
BookMark | eNqFkE1v1DAQQC1URLeFnwDKAaFySJmxncQ5oaqUglS1B4rEzbKdCRgldogTxPLrm3RXhVtPM5p586F3xA5CDMTYS4RTBCzffQFeylwifDup1VsAiZiLJ2yDqhI5L1AdsM0DcsiOUvoJAIXA-hk7ROBYlQgbdn0x-CkOlKeBnG-9y9x2ilP8s2S3Wbfthx9xqVDmQzO7yceQ2W3W--C_U6Dsw_VZ5vt-Dv6vWZvP2dPWdIle7OMx-_rx4vb8U351c_n5_Owqd5LjlKuqBJK1lUKAaZrGLmXpRKskVKW11lngQvLWlFQhrx2YShWFq8EClEUrxDF7s9s7jPHXTGnSvU-Ous4EinPSZb3McVSPglgJAF7DAhY70I0xpZFaPYy-N-NWI-jVuL43rledulb63rheP3m1PzDbnpr_pnaKF-D1HjDJma4dTXA-_eMqVaFcsfc7jBZtvz2NOjlPwVHjR3KTbqJ_5JM7nt2eog |
CODEN | VACCDE |
CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1128_JVI_76_12_5882_5892_2002 crossref_primary_10_1177_153537020222700403 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0264_410X_02_00187_1 crossref_primary_10_1128_JVI_74_20_9610_9616_2000 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_vaccine_2004_10_010 crossref_primary_10_1046_j_1365_3083_2002_01015_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jconrel_2009_01_026 crossref_primary_10_1007_BF02956412 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0378_1135_00_00175_9 crossref_primary_10_1089_104454904322759902 crossref_primary_10_1111_j_1574_6968_2002_tb11420_x crossref_primary_10_1128_CVI_05179_11 crossref_primary_10_1128_IAI_69_9_5477_5486_2001 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0264_410X_00_00330_3 crossref_primary_10_1128_JVI_75_23_11630_11640_2001 crossref_primary_10_4049_jimmunol_166_5_3061 crossref_primary_10_18632_oncotarget_15445 crossref_primary_10_1146_annurev_immunol_18_1_927 |
ContentType | Journal Article |
Copyright | 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd 1999 INIST-CNRS |
Copyright_xml | – notice: 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd – notice: 1999 INIST-CNRS |
DBID | IQODW CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM AAYXX CITATION 7QO 7T5 8FD FR3 H94 P64 7X8 |
DOI | 10.1016/S0264-410X(98)00411-3 |
DatabaseName | Pascal-Francis Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed CrossRef Biotechnology Research Abstracts Immunology Abstracts Technology Research Database Engineering Research Database AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts MEDLINE - Academic |
DatabaseTitle | MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) CrossRef AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts Immunology Abstracts Engineering Research Database Biotechnology Research Abstracts Technology Research Database Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts MEDLINE - Academic |
DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE - Academic MEDLINE AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts |
Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: ECM name: MEDLINE url: https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=cmedm&site=ehost-live sourceTypes: Index Database |
DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
Discipline | Medicine Veterinary Medicine Biology Pharmacy, Therapeutics, & Pharmacology |
EISSN | 1873-2518 |
EndPage | 2088 |
ExternalDocumentID | 10_1016_S0264_410X_98_00411_3 10217610 1787140 S0264410X98004113 |
Genre | Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Journal Article Comparative Study |
GroupedDBID | --- --K --M .1- .FO .GJ .~1 0R~ 123 1B1 1P~ 1RT 1~. 1~5 29Q 3V. 4.4 457 4G. 53G 5RE 5VS 7-5 71M 7RV 7X7 88E 8AO 8C1 8FE 8FH 8FI 8FJ 8G5 8P~ 9JM AAAJQ AABNK AACTN AAEDT AAEDW AAIAV AAIKJ AAKOC AALRI AAOAW AAQFI AAQXK AARKO AAXUO ABBQC ABFNM ABFRF ABJNI ABKYH ABLVK ABMAC ABMZM ABRWV ABUWG ABXDB ABYKQ ACDAQ ACGFO ACGFS ACIUM ACPRK ACRLP ADBBV ADEZE ADFRT ADMUD AEBSH AEFWE AEKER AENEX AESVU AEVXI AEXOQ AFCTW AFKRA AFKWA AFRAH AFRHN AFTJW AFXIZ AGEKW AGGSO AGHFR AGUBO AGYEJ AHHHB AHMBA AIEXJ AIKHN AITUG AJBFU AJOXV AJRQY AJUYK ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMFUW AMRAJ ANZVX AQUVI ASPBG AVWKF AXJTR AZFZN AZQEC BBNVY BENPR BHPHI BKEYQ BKNYI BKOJK BLXMC BNPGV BPHCQ BVXVI CCPQU CJTIS CNWQP CS3 DWQXO EBS EFJIC EFLBG EJD EO8 EO9 EP2 EP3 F5P FDB FEDTE FGOYB FIRID FNPLU FYGXN FYUFA G-2 G-Q GBLVA GNUQQ GUQSH HCIFZ HEJ HLV HMCUK HMG HMK HMO HVGLF HX~ HZ~ IHE J1W K9- KOM L7B LCYCR LK8 LUGTX LW9 M0R M0T M1P M29 M2O M41 M7P MO0 N9A NAPCQ O-L O9- O9~ OAUVE OK0 OZT P-8 P-9 P2P PC. PQQKQ PROAC PSQYO Q38 QYZTP R2- RIG ROL RPZ SAB SAE SCC SDF SDG SDP SES SEW SIN SNL SPCBC SSH SSI SSZ SVS T5K UKHRP UV1 WH7 WOW WUQ XPP Z5R ZGI ZXP ~G- ABPIF ABPTK IQODW AAHBH AAXKI AKRWK ALIPV CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM AAYXX CITATION 7QO 7T5 8FD FR3 H94 P64 7X8 |
ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c421t-8760e49b4330adddbc424c3f84076bbbcb02342fa6e7129c0a7855c90b0065f33 |
ISSN | 0264-410X |
IngestDate | Fri Oct 25 01:16:56 EDT 2024 Fri Oct 25 03:28:27 EDT 2024 Fri Nov 22 00:03:48 EST 2024 Sat Sep 28 08:35:17 EDT 2024 Sun Oct 29 17:08:27 EDT 2023 Fri Feb 23 02:31:26 EST 2024 |
IsPeerReviewed | true |
IsScholarly | true |
Issue | 15 |
Keywords | DNA vaccine Minigene Cytotoxic T lymphocyte Leader peptide Antigenic determinant Major histocompatibility system Rodentia Cytokine Orthomyxoviridae Interleukin 12 Nucleoprotein Cellular immunity Recombinant DNA Genetic vaccine Virus Vertebrata Mammalia Influenzavirus A Immunogenicity Histocompatibility restriction Mouse Class I histocompatibility antigen Granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor |
Language | English |
License | CC BY 4.0 |
LinkModel | OpenURL |
MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c421t-8760e49b4330adddbc424c3f84076bbbcb02342fa6e7129c0a7855c90b0065f33 |
Notes | ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 |
PMID | 10217610 |
PQID | 17300290 |
PQPubID | 23462 |
PageCount | 8 |
ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_69712218 proquest_miscellaneous_17300290 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0264_410X_98_00411_3 pubmed_primary_10217610 pascalfrancis_primary_1787140 elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_S0264_410X_98_00411_3 |
PublicationCentury | 1900 |
PublicationDate | 1999-04-09 |
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 1999-04-09 |
PublicationDate_xml | – month: 04 year: 1999 text: 1999-04-09 day: 09 |
PublicationDecade | 1990 |
PublicationPlace | Oxford |
PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Oxford – name: Netherlands |
PublicationTitle | Vaccine |
PublicationTitleAlternate | Vaccine |
PublicationYear | 1999 |
Publisher | Elsevier Ltd Elsevier |
Publisher_xml | – name: Elsevier Ltd – name: Elsevier |
References | Corr, Tighe, Lee, Dudler, Trieu, Brinson, Carson (BIB8) 1997; 159 Mazzoli, Trabattoni, Lo Caputo, Piconi, Ble, Meacci, Ruzzante, Salvi, Semplici, Longhi, Fusi, Tofani, Biasin, Villa, Mazzotta, Clerici (BIB6) 1997; 3 Iwasaki, Barber (BIB12) 1998; 45 Iwasaki, Torres, Ohashi, Robinson, Barber (BIB3) 1997; 159 Robinson, Kawamura, Lake, Masuho, Mitchell, Hersh (BIB4) 1990; 64 Fu, Ulmer, Caulfield, Deck, Friedman, Wang, Liu, Donnelly, Liu (BIB15) 1997; 3 Iwasaki, Stiernholm, Chan, Berinstein, Barber (BIB11) 1997; 158 Ciernik, Berzofsky, Carbone (BIB9) 1996; 156 Rowland-Jones, Sutton, Ariyoshi, Dong, Gotch, McAdam, Whitby, Sabally, Gallimore, Corrah, Takiguchi, Schultz, McMichael, Whittle (BIB7) 1995; 1 Corr, Lee, Carson, Tighe (BIB2) 1996; 184 Eisenbraun, Fuller, Haynes (BIB13) 1993; 12 Casares, Inaba, Brumeanu, Steinman, Bona (BIB14) 1997; 186 Rodriguez, An, Harkins, Zhang, Yokoyama, Widera, Fuller, Kincaid, Campbell, Whitton (BIB18) 1998; 72 Robinson, Montefiori, Mitchell (BIB5) 1988; 1 Restifo, Bacik, Irvine, Yewdell, McCabe, Anderson, Eisenlohr, Rosenberg, Bennink (BIB10) 1995; 154 Moerschell, Hosokawa, Tsunasawa, Sherman (BIB17) 1990; 265 Donnelly, Ulmer, Shiver, Liu (BIB1) 1997; 15 Schodin, Tsomides, Kranz (BIB16) 1996; 5 |
References_xml | – volume: 265 start-page: 19638 year: 1990 end-page: 19643 ident: BIB17 article-title: The specificities of yeast methionine aminopeptidase and acetylation of amino-terminal methionine in vivo. Processing of altered iso-1-cytochromes c created by oligonucleotide transformation publication-title: J Biol Chem contributor: fullname: Sherman – volume: 3 start-page: 1250 year: 1997 end-page: 1257 ident: BIB6 article-title: HIV-specific mucosal and cellular immunity in HIV-seronegative partners of HIV-seropositive individuals publication-title: Nat Med contributor: fullname: Clerici – volume: 15 start-page: 617 year: 1997 end-page: 648 ident: BIB1 article-title: DNA vaccines publication-title: Ann Rev Immunol contributor: fullname: Liu – volume: 5 start-page: 137 year: 1996 end-page: 146 ident: BIB16 article-title: Correlation between the number of T cell receptors required for T cell activation and TCR–ligand affinity publication-title: Immunity contributor: fullname: Kranz – volume: 64 start-page: 5301 year: 1990 end-page: 5305 ident: BIB4 article-title: Antibodies to the primary immunodominant domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) glycoprotein gp41 enhance HIV-1 infection in vitro publication-title: J Virol contributor: fullname: Hersh – volume: 1 start-page: 59 year: 1995 end-page: 64 ident: BIB7 article-title: HIV-specific cytotoxic T-cells in HIV-exposed but uninfected Gambian women publication-title: Nat Med contributor: fullname: Whittle – volume: 12 start-page: 791 year: 1993 end-page: 797 ident: BIB13 article-title: Examination of parameters affecting the elicitation of humoral immune responese by particle bombardment-mediated genetic immunization publication-title: DNA Cell Biol contributor: fullname: Haynes – volume: 72 start-page: 5174 year: 1998 end-page: 5181 ident: BIB18 article-title: DNA immunization with minigenes: low frequency of memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes and inefficient antiviral protection are rectified by ubiquitination publication-title: J Virol contributor: fullname: Whitton – volume: 1 start-page: 790 year: 1988 end-page: 794 ident: BIB5 article-title: Antibody-dependent enhancement of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection publication-title: Lancet contributor: fullname: Mitchell – volume: 154 start-page: 4414 year: 1995 end-page: 4422 ident: BIB10 article-title: Antigen processing in vivo and the elicitation of primary CTL responses publication-title: J Immunol contributor: fullname: Bennink – volume: 184 start-page: 1555 year: 1996 end-page: 1560 ident: BIB2 article-title: Gene vaccination with naked plasmid DNA: Mechanism of CTL priming publication-title: J Exp Med contributor: fullname: Tighe – volume: 159 start-page: 11 year: 1997 end-page: 14 ident: BIB3 article-title: Both gene gun and intramuscular injection of plasmid DNA induce cytotoxic T-lymphocytes via bone marrow derived antigen presenting cells publication-title: J Immunol contributor: fullname: Barber – volume: 186 start-page: 1481 year: 1997 end-page: 1486 ident: BIB14 article-title: Antigen presentation by dendritic cells after immunization with DNA encoding a major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted viral epitope publication-title: J Exp Med contributor: fullname: Bona – volume: 159 start-page: 4999 year: 1997 end-page: 5004 ident: BIB8 article-title: Costimulation provided by DNA immunization enhances antitumor immunity publication-title: J Immunol contributor: fullname: Carson – volume: 156 start-page: 2369 year: 1996 end-page: 2375 ident: BIB9 article-title: Induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and antitumour immunity with DNA vaccine expressing single T cell epitopes publication-title: J Immunol contributor: fullname: Carbone – volume: 45 start-page: 273 year: 1998 end-page: 279 ident: BIB12 article-title: Induction by DNA immunization of a protective antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocyte response against a minimal-epitope-expressing tumor publication-title: Cancer Immunol Immunolther contributor: fullname: Barber – volume: 158 start-page: 4591 year: 1997 end-page: 4601 ident: BIB11 article-title: Enhanced CTL responses mediated by plasmid DNA immunogens encoding costimulatory molecules and cytokines publication-title: J Immunol contributor: fullname: Barber – volume: 3 start-page: 362 year: 1997 end-page: 371 ident: BIB15 article-title: Priming of cytotoxic T lymphocytes by DNA vaccines: requirement for professional antigen presenting cells and evidence for antigen transfer from myocytes publication-title: Mol Med contributor: fullname: Liu |
SSID | ssj0005319 |
Score | 1.7440053 |
Snippet | Plasmid DNA vaccines encoding full-length antigen often induce both potent antibody and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. Here, we examine strategies to... |
SourceID | proquest crossref pubmed pascalfrancis elsevier |
SourceType | Aggregation Database Index Database Publisher |
StartPage | 2081 |
SubjectTerms | Animals Antibodies, Viral - biosynthesis Antigen Presentation Biolistics Biological and medical sciences Cytokines - genetics Cytokines - immunology Cytotoxic T lymphocyte DNA vaccine Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte - administration & dosage Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte - genetics Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte - immunology Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte - metabolism Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Genes, Viral - genetics Histocompatibility Antigens Class I - immunology Histocompatibility Antigens Class I - metabolism Injections, Intramuscular Mice Mice, Inbred Strains Microbiology Minigene Nucleoproteins - administration & dosage Nucleoproteins - genetics Nucleoproteins - immunology Nucleoproteins - metabolism Orthomyxoviridae - genetics Orthomyxoviridae - immunology Orthomyxoviridae Infections - immunology Orthomyxoviridae Infections - virology Peptide Fragments - administration & dosage Peptide Fragments - genetics Peptide Fragments - immunology Peptide Fragments - metabolism Plasmids - genetics Protein Sorting Signals - genetics Recombinant Proteins - biosynthesis Recombinant Proteins - immunology Recombinant Proteins - metabolism RNA-Binding Proteins T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic - immunology T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic - metabolism Tumor Cells, Cultured Vaccines, antisera, therapeutical immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies Vaccines, DNA - administration & dosage Vaccines, DNA - genetics Vaccines, DNA - immunology Viral Core Proteins - administration & dosage Viral Core Proteins - genetics Viral Core Proteins - immunology Viral Core Proteins - metabolism Virology |
Title | Epitope-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte induction by minigene DNA immunization |
URI | https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0264-410X(98)00411-3 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10217610 https://search.proquest.com/docview/17300290 https://search.proquest.com/docview/69712218 |
Volume | 17 |
hasFullText | 1 |
inHoldings | 1 |
isFullTextHit | |
isPrint | |
link | http://sdu.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV3fb9MwELa6TSAkhKAwKDDwA0ygzJDETuI8li2oQ6KatDD1LYoTR5o2NVXTCrq_nnOcxBli_JJ4iVLLjtN857vP9t0ZoVd2CvOqIrBJ5koOE5TQI9xPORFFSFV-NSbqdcjJaTCd8aOIRYNB6-xuyv4r0lAGWKvI2b9Au3soFMA9YA5XQB2uf4R7tIAxupBEhVAqNyAr26zKVfkN7mLrcgPglVCiUoXkOnGsIqAqwQg8UVpH07F1XoeMXBnIGu56lmb9Xfjjr2mV6kOvxxfnF2VHieVlah0u11e93XyzwNppFxVZ0_NWTJdCC8-HpVI5E7MaoTMYMGIbndeFyRifpKrO7soIc-yZNjpa0_KAEiBX_JoqDvoi5_UVq61PdmmMNPzkPzUAei3itOsRaHrIX7uhyivmEGqsXueLWNdVVUNeV6JbaMcFrQVKc2d8HM0-GY8hWp8T0z3bBIS9Nx2-CfnbprObqM7dRVrBACz0ySk3T21qihPfR_eauQkea6F6gAZyPkS39GmlmyG6_bnxwxii_ROd8XxzgGMTwFcd4H18YnKhQ5vhmXK3qmO-cdv8IZr-KKS4E1IcYyOkuBNSLDa4FVIMQor7QvoIffkYxYcT0hzsQTLmOitlgW3JQsEotcG-5gKKWUYLzuzAF0JkApgkc4vUlwHw0UwpFM_LQlvZCK-gdBdtz8u5fIKwL6hwgGbLgkrmuUzk1GMyh--fB9QTzgi9azFIFjp_S2IcGwG0RIGWhDypQUvoCPEWqaQhoZpcJiBiv2u6dw1Z0yFYRYfZI_SyRToBJa525tK5LNcVVKBqe_wXNfwQvgTQ8RF6rEWk929cJ4BJ0NN_f_Fn6I4Zy8_R9mq5lntoq8rXL5ox8B2yRs0f |
link.rule.ids | 315,782,786,27933,27934 |
linkProvider | Elsevier |
openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Epitope-specific+cytotoxic+T+lymphocyte+induction+by+minigene+DNA+immunization&rft.jtitle=Vaccine&rft.au=Iwasaki%2C+Akiko&rft.au=Dela+Cruz%2C+Charles+S&rft.au=Young%2C+Alex+R&rft.au=Barber%2C+Brian+H&rft.date=1999-04-09&rft.pub=Elsevier+Ltd&rft.issn=0264-410X&rft.eissn=1873-2518&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=15&rft.spage=2081&rft.epage=2088&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2FS0264-410X%2898%2900411-3&rft.externalDocID=S0264410X98004113 |
thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0264-410X&client=summon |
thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0264-410X&client=summon |
thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0264-410X&client=summon |