Studies of Ancient Lice Reveal Unsuspected Past Migrations of Vectors
Lice are among the oldest parasites of humans representing an excellent marker of the evolution and migration of our species over time. Here, we analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) developed in this study the mitochondrial DNA of seven ancient head louse eggs found on hair remai...
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| Published in: | The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Vol. 93; no. 3; pp. 623 - 625 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
01-09-2015
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| Abstract | Lice are among the oldest parasites of humans representing an excellent marker of the evolution and migration of our species over time. Here, we analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) developed in this study the mitochondrial DNA of seven ancient head louse eggs found on hair remains recovered from two sites in Israel: 1) five nits dating from Chalcolithic period (4,000 bc) were found in the Cave of the Treasure located at Nahal Mishmar, in the Judean Desert and 2) two nits dating from Early Islamic Period (ad 650-810) were found in Nahal Omer in the Arava Valley (between Dead Sea and Red Sea). Our results suggest that these eggs belonged to people originating from west Africa based on identification of the louse mitochondrial sub-clade specific to that region. |
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| AbstractList | Lice are among the oldest parasites of humans representing an excellent marker of the evolution and migration of our species over time. Here, we analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) developed in this study the mitochondrial DNA of seven ancient head louse eggs found on hair remains recovered from two sites in Israel: 1) five nits dating from Chalcolithic period (4,000
bc
) were found in the Cave of the Treasure located at Nahal Mishmar, in the Judean Desert and 2) two nits dating from Early Islamic Period (
ad
650–810) were found in Nahal Omer in the Arava Valley (between Dead Sea and Red Sea). Our results suggest that these eggs belonged to people originating from west Africa based on identification of the louse mitochondrial sub-clade specific to that region. Lice are among the oldest parasites of humans representing an excellent marker of the evolution and migration of our species over time. Here, we analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) developed in this study the mitochondrial DNA of seven ancient head louse eggs found on hair remains recovered from two sites in Israel: 1) five nits dating from Chalcolithic period (4,000 bc) were found in the Cave of the Treasure located at Nahal Mishmar, in the Judean Desert and 2) two nits dating from Early Islamic Period (ad 650-810) were found in Nahal Omer in the Arava Valley (between Dead Sea and Red Sea). Our results suggest that these eggs belonged to people originating from west Africa based on identification of the louse mitochondrial sub-clade specific to that region. |
| Author | Drali, Rezak Yesilyurt, Gonca Mumcuoglu, Kosta Y Raoult, Didier |
| AuthorAffiliation | Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité, and Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité, and Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Rezak surname: Drali fullname: Drali, Rezak organization: Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité, and Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel – sequence: 2 givenname: Kosta Y surname: Mumcuoglu fullname: Mumcuoglu, Kosta Y organization: Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité, and Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel – sequence: 3 givenname: Gonca surname: Yesilyurt fullname: Yesilyurt, Gonca organization: Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité, and Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel – sequence: 4 givenname: Didier surname: Raoult fullname: Raoult, Didier email: didier.raoult@gmail.com organization: Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité, and Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée-Infection, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Kuvin Center for the Study of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel didier.raoult@gmail.com |
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| References_xml | – volume: 344 start-page: 1724 year: 1994 ident: ref2 article-title: Controlled study of malathion and d-phenothrin lotions for Pediculus humanus var capitis-infested schoolchildren contributor: fullname: Chosidow – start-page: 215 year: 2008 ident: ref6 article-title: Human lice: Pediculus and Pthirus contributor: fullname: Mumcuoglu – volume: 26 start-page: 21 year: 1995 ident: ref11 article-title: Early Islamic textiles, basketry and cordage from Nahal Omer, Israel contributor: fullname: Baginski – year: 1992 ident: ref16 contributor: fullname: Lewis – volume: 72 start-page: 1058 year: 2003 ident: ref17 article-title: Extensive female-mediated gene flow from sub-Saharan Africa into near eastern Arab populations contributor: fullname: Richards – volume: 16 start-page: 269 year: 2000 ident: ref7 article-title: Ten thousand years of head lice infection contributor: fullname: Araujo – volume: 98 start-page: 89 year: 1966 ident: ref12 article-title: The date of the Petra–Gaza road contributor: fullname: Negev – volume: 29 start-page: 888 year: 1999 ident: ref1 article-title: The body louse as a vector of reemerging human diseases contributor: fullname: Raoult – volume: 197 start-page: 535 year: 2008 ident: ref8 article-title: Molecular identification of lice from pre-Columbian mummies contributor: fullname: Raoult – volume: 8 start-page: e76818 year: 2013 ident: ref9 article-title: Evidence of sympatry of clade A and clade B head lice in a pre-Columbian Chilean mummy from Camarones contributor: fullname: Boutellis – volume: 194 start-page: 1589 year: 2006 ident: ref3 article-title: Experimental model to evaluate the human body louse as a vector of plague contributor: fullname: Houhamdi – volume: 23 start-page: 209 year: 2014 ident: ref5 article-title: The origin and distribution of human lice in the world contributor: fullname: Boutellis – volume: 2 start-page: e340 year: 2004 ident: ref4 article-title: Genetic analysis of lice supports direct contact between modern and archaic humans contributor: fullname: Reed – volume: 23 start-page: 2947 year: 2007 ident: ref13 article-title: Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0 contributor: fullname: Larkin – volume: 193 start-page: 112 year: 2006 ident: ref15 article-title: Evidence for louse-transmitted diseases in soldiers of Napoleon's Grand Army in Vilnius contributor: fullname: Raoult – year: 1980 ident: ref10 contributor: fullname: Bar-Adon – volume: 30 start-page: 2725 year: 2013 ident: ref14 article-title: MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0 contributor: fullname: Tamura |
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| SubjectTerms | Animals Eggs Emigration and Immigration - history History, Ancient Humans Israel Lice Infestations - history Pediculus - genetics Phylogeny Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction |
| Title | Studies of Ancient Lice Reveal Unsuspected Past Migrations of Vectors |
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