A Beamformer to Play with Wall Reflections The Icosahedral Loudspeaker
The quote from Pierre Boulez, given as an epigraph to this article, inspired French researchers to start developing technology for spherical loudspeaker arrays in the 1990s. The hope was to retain the naturalness of sound sources. Now, a few decades later, one might be able to show that even more ca...
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| Published in: | Computer music journal Vol. 41; no. 3; pp. 50 - 68 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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| Abstract | The quote from Pierre Boulez, given as an epigraph to this article, inspired French researchers to start developing technology for spherical loudspeaker arrays in the 1990s. The hope was to retain the naturalness of sound sources. Now, a few decades later, one might be able to show that even more can be done: In electroacoustic music, using the icosahedral loudspeaker array called IKO seems to enable spatial gestures that enrich alien sounds with a tangible acoustic naturalness.
After a brief discussion of directivity-based composition in computer music, the first part of the article describes the technical background of the IKO, its usage in a digital audio workstation, and psychoacoustic evidence regarding the auditory objects the IKO produces. The second part deals with acoustic equations of spherical beamforming, how the IKO’s loudspeakers are controlled correspondingly, how we deal with excursion limits, and the resulting beam patterns generated by the IKO. |
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| AbstractList | The quote from Pierre Boulez, given as an epigraph to this article, inspired French researchers to start developing technology for spherical loudspeaker arrays in the 1990s. The hope was to retain the naturalness of sound sources. Now, a few decades later, one might be able to show that even more can be done: In electroacoustic music, using the icosahedral loudspeaker array called IKO seems to enable spatial gestures that enrich alien sounds with a tangible acoustic naturalness.
After a brief discussion of directivity-based composition in computer music, the first part of the article describes the technical background of the IKO, its usage in a digital audio workstation, and psychoacoustic evidence regarding the auditory objects the IKO produces. The second part deals with acoustic equations of spherical beamforming, how the IKO's loudspeakers are controlled correspondingly, how we deal with excursion limits, and the resulting beam patterns generated by the IKO. The quote from Pierre Boulez, given as an epigraph to this article, inspired French researchers to start developing technology for spherical loudspeaker arrays in the 1990s. The hope was to retain the naturalness of sound sources. Now, a few decades later, one might be able to show that even more can be done: In electroacoustic music, using the icosahedral loudspeaker array called IKO seems to enable spatial gestures that enrich alien sounds with a tangible acoustic naturalness. After a brief discussion of directivity-based composition in computer music, the first part of the article describes the technical background of the IKO, its usage in a digital audio workstation, and psychoacoustic evidence regarding the auditory objects the IKO produces. The second part deals with acoustic equations of spherical beamforming, how the IKO's loudspeakers are controlled correspondingly, how we deal with excursion limits, and the resulting beam patterns generated by the IKO. |
| Author | Zotter, Franz Zaunschirm, Markus Frank, Matthias Kronlachner, Matthias |
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| Copyright | 2017 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Copyright © Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Copyright MIT Press Journals, The Fall 2017 |
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| References | Sharma G. K. (p_38) 2014 p_49 p_28 p_29 p_25 p_47 p_26 Lösler S. (p_22) 2015 Zaunschirm M. (p_45) 2016 p_20 Boulez P. (p_4) 1983 p_21 p_44 p_39 p_2 Trueman D. (p_41) 2006 p_34 p_3 p_35 Zotter F. (p_48) 2012; 60 p_6 p_36 Croft J. J. (p_9) 2003 Wendt F. (p_43) 2016 Misdariis N. (p_24) 2001 p_30 Caussé R. (p_7) 1992 p_32 Zotter F. (p_54) 2007 |
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| SubjectTerms | Acoustics Arrays Beamforming Icosahedral phase Loudspeakers Music Sound Sound sources Spatialization |
| Subtitle | The Icosahedral Loudspeaker |
| Title | A Beamformer to Play with Wall Reflections |
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