The Genetic and Environmental Etiology of Shyness Through Childhood

The objective of this study was to examine the genetic and environmental contributions to shyness throughout the school-age period. Participants were 553 twin pairs from the ongoing prospective longitudinal Quebec Newborn Twin Study. Teacher-rated measures of shyness were collected at five time-poin...

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Published in:	Behavior genetics Vol. 49; no. 4; pp. 376 - 385
Main Authors:	Morneau-Vaillancourt, Geneviève, Dionne, Ginette, Brendgen, Mara, Vitaro, Frank, Feng, Bei, Henry, Jeffrey, Forget-Dubois, Nadine, Tremblay, Richard, Boivin, Michel
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	New York Springer US 01-07-2019 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Age Age Factors Behavioral Science and Psychology Child Childhood Children Clinical Psychology Environmental aspects Environmental factors Etiology Female Gene-Environment Interaction Genetic factors Health Psychology Humans Individual differences Longitudinal Studies Male Original Research Psychology Public Health Quebec School Teachers Shyness Teachers Twin studies Twins Twins - genetics Quebec School-age Development Shyness Twins Longitudinal study
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Abstract	The objective of this study was to examine the genetic and environmental contributions to shyness throughout the school-age period. Participants were 553 twin pairs from the ongoing prospective longitudinal Quebec Newborn Twin Study. Teacher-rated measures of shyness were collected at five time-points from age 6–12 years. On average, shyness was moderately stable over time ( r = 0.23–0.33) and this stability was almost entirely accounted for by genetic factors. Genetic factors at age 6 accounted for 44% of individual differences and these early genetic factors also explained individual differences at all subsequent ages (6–22%). Non-shared environmental factors explained most of individual differences at single time-points (51–63%), and did not account for stability in shyness. Contributions of shared environment were not significant. Our results suggest that the stability in shyness is mostly accounted for by early and persistent genetic contributions.
AbstractList	The objective of this study was to examine the genetic and environmental contributions to shyness throughout the school-age period. Participants were 553 twin pairs from the ongoing prospective longitudinal Quebec Newborn Twin Study. Teacher-rated measures of shyness were collected at five time-points from age 6–12 years. On average, shyness was moderately stable over time ( r = 0.23–0.33) and this stability was almost entirely accounted for by genetic factors. Genetic factors at age 6 accounted for 44% of individual differences and these early genetic factors also explained individual differences at all subsequent ages (6–22%). Non-shared environmental factors explained most of individual differences at single time-points (51–63%), and did not account for stability in shyness. Contributions of shared environment were not significant. Our results suggest that the stability in shyness is mostly accounted for by early and persistent genetic contributions. The objective of this study was to examine the genetic and environmental contributions to shyness throughout the school-age period. Participants were 553 twin pairs from the ongoing prospective longitudinal Quebec Newborn Twin Study. Teacher-rated measures of shyness were collected at five time-points from age 6–12 years. On average, shyness was moderately stable over time (r = 0.23–0.33) and this stability was almost entirely accounted for by genetic factors. Genetic factors at age 6 accounted for 44% of individual differences and these early genetic factors also explained individual differences at all subsequent ages (6–22%). Non-shared environmental factors explained most of individual differences at single time-points (51–63%), and did not account for stability in shyness. Contributions of shared environment were not significant. Our results suggest that the stability in shyness is mostly accounted for by early and persistent genetic contributions. The objective of this study was to examine the genetic and environmental contributions to shyness throughout the school-age period. Participants were 553 twin pairs from the ongoing prospective longitudinal Quebec Newborn Twin Study. Teacher-rated measures of shyness were collected at five time-points from age 6-12 years. On average, shyness was moderately stable over time (r = 0.23-0.33) and this stability was almost entirely accounted for by genetic factors. Genetic factors at age 6 accounted for 44% of individual differences and these early genetic factors also explained individual differences at all subsequent ages (6-22%). Non-shared environmental factors explained most of individual differences at single time-points (51-63%), and did not account for stability in shyness. Contributions of shared environment were not significant. Our results suggest that the stability in shyness is mostly accounted for by early and persistent genetic contributions.
Author	Morneau-Vaillancourt, Geneviève Feng, Bei Forget-Dubois, Nadine Brendgen, Mara Tremblay, Richard Boivin, Michel Dionne, Ginette Henry, Jeffrey Vitaro, Frank
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Geneviève orcidid: 0000-0002-5322-6252 surname: Morneau-Vaillancourt fullname: Morneau-Vaillancourt, Geneviève organization: School of Psychology, Université Laval, Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment – sequence: 2 givenname: Ginette surname: Dionne fullname: Dionne, Ginette organization: School of Psychology, Université Laval, Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment – sequence: 3 givenname: Mara surname: Brendgen fullname: Brendgen, Mara organization: Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment, Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal – sequence: 4 givenname: Frank surname: Vitaro fullname: Vitaro, Frank organization: Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment, Department of Psycho-Education, Université de Montréal – sequence: 5 givenname: Bei surname: Feng fullname: Feng, Bei organization: School of Psychology, Université Laval, Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment – sequence: 6 givenname: Jeffrey surname: Henry fullname: Henry, Jeffrey organization: School of Psychology, Université Laval – sequence: 7 givenname: Nadine surname: Forget-Dubois fullname: Forget-Dubois, Nadine organization: School of Psychology, Université Laval, Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment – sequence: 8 givenname: Richard surname: Tremblay fullname: Tremblay, Richard organization: Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment, Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal – sequence: 9 givenname: Michel surname: Boivin fullname: Boivin, Michel email: michel.boivin@psy.ulaval.ca organization: School of Psychology, Université Laval, Research Unit on Children’s Psychosocial Maladjustment
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Copyright	Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019 Behavior Genetics is a copyright of Springer, (2019). All Rights Reserved.
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SubjectTerms	Age Age Factors Behavioral Science and Psychology Child Childhood Children Clinical Psychology Environmental aspects Environmental factors Etiology Female Gene-Environment Interaction Genetic factors Health Psychology Humans Individual differences Longitudinal Studies Male Original Research Psychology Public Health Quebec School Teachers Shyness Teachers Twin studies Twins Twins - genetics
Title	The Genetic and Environmental Etiology of Shyness Through Childhood
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