Lidocaine inhibits osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells in vitro

• Published in: Journal of international medical research Vol. 51; no. 2; p. 3000605231152100
• Main Authors: Kim, Eun-Jung, Yoon, Ji-Uk, Kim, Cheul-Hong, Yoon, Ji-Young, Kim, Joo-Young, Kim, Hyang-Sook, Choi, Eun-Ji
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London, England SAGE Publications 01-02-2023; Sage Publications Ltd
• Subjects: Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit - genetics; Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit - metabolism; Dental Pulp; Humans; Lidocaine - pharmacology; Osteogenesis; Pre-Clinical Research Report; Regeneration; RNA, Messenger - genetics; RNA, Messenger - metabolism; Stem cells; Stem Cells - metabolism; Dental pulp stem cells; osteogenic differentiation; regenerative medicine; differentiation markers; lidocaine; cytotoxicity
• ISSN: 0300-0605; 1473-2300
• DOI: 10.1177/03000605231152100

Objective
Lidocaine is an amide local anaesthetic commonly used for pain control, however, few studies have investigated the effect of lidocaine on the osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs). The present study aimed to determine the effect of lidocaine on HDPSC viability and osteogenic differentiation.
Methods
HDPSCs were incubated with 0, 0.05, 0.2, 0.5, and 1 mM lidocaine for 24, 48 and 72 h, after which, MTT assays were performed. HDPSCs cultured with the above lidocaine concentrations and osteogenic differentiation medium for 7 and 14 days were stained for alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Protein and mRNA levels of relevant osteogenic factors (bone morphogenetic protein-2 [BMP-2] and runt-related transcription factor 2 [RUNX2]) were examined using western blotting and real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, respectively.
Results
Lidocaine did not affect the viability of HDPSCs, however, lidocaine reduced ALP activity in HDPSCs. Levels of ALP, BMP-2, and RUNX2 mRNA were reduced with lidocaine, and levels of BMP-2 and RUNX2 proteins were decreased, versus controls.
Conclusions
Lidocaine inhibits osteogenic differentiation markers in HDPSCs in vitro, even at low concentrations, without cytotoxicity. This study suggests that lidocaine may inhibit osteogenic differentiation in HDPSC-mediated regenerative medicine, including pulp regeneration and repair.