The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Environment Degradation: Evidence from Emerging Markets in Asia

This study is conducted to examine the concerns of the foreign direct investment (FDI) causing environment degradation and also to test the validity of the traditional Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) in the context of emerging markets in the Asian region. Data of these countries from 1980-2016 are...

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Published in:	International journal of environmental research and public health Vol. 16; no. 9; p. 1636
Main Authors:	To, Anh Hoang, Ha, Dao Thi-Thieu, Nguyen, Ha Minh, Vo, Duc Hong
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 10-05-2019 MDPI
Subjects:	Air Pollutants - analysis Air pollution Air Pollution - analysis Air Pollution - statistics & numerical data Asia Carbon dioxide Carbon Dioxide - analysis Developing countries Economic development Economic Development - statistics & numerical data Economic growth Economic models Emerging markets Emissions Energy consumption Environment Environmental degradation Environmental impact Environmental law Environmental policy Environmental regulations Foreign investment GDP Gross Domestic Product Hypotheses Impact analysis Industrial development Inequality Internationality Investment Investments - economics Investments - statistics & numerical data LDCs Per capita Standard of living Stream pollution Studies Theory Asia Vietnam Philippines China Malaysia Thailand Indonesia India environment degradation DOLS Vietnam FDI pollution heaven hypothesis FMOLS causality
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Abstract	This study is conducted to examine the concerns of the foreign direct investment (FDI) causing environment degradation and also to test the validity of the traditional Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) in the context of emerging markets in the Asian region. Data of these countries from 1980-2016 are utilised. This study employs panel cointegration Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS), which treats the endogeneity problem, and its estimators are adjusted for serial correlation. Moreover, this study also uses panel Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS), which includes contemporaneous value, leads and, lags of the first difference of the regressors to correct endogeneity problems and serial correlations. Findings from this study indicate that the pollution heaven hypothesis and the EKC curve are generally valid in the region. In addition, FDI has a strong impact on the environment.
AbstractList	This study is conducted to examine the concerns of the foreign direct investment (FDI) causing environment degradation and also to test the validity of the traditional Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) in the context of emerging markets in the Asian region. Data of these countries from 1980–2016 are utilised. This study employs panel cointegration Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS), which treats the endogeneity problem, and its estimators are adjusted for serial correlation. Moreover, this study also uses panel Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS), which includes contemporaneous value, leads and, lags of the first difference of the regressors to correct endogeneity problems and serial correlations. Findings from this study indicate that the pollution heaven hypothesis and the EKC curve are generally valid in the region. In addition, FDI has a strong impact on the environment. The nations have attracted foreign direct investment (FDI), which has a positive impact on economic growth in host countries. [...]FDI has been becoming a gradually more important source of capital that transfers management skills and technologies and generates job opportunities and makes incremental contributions to export activities, thus improving the standard of living for millions of people in the region. [...]the inverted U-shape of the EKC curve is supported by evidence from various empirical studies, including Shafik [4] and Omotor and Orubu [5]; it was considered a standard feature in the creation of environmental policy. [...]some have argued that FDIs take the environment issue more seriously, which increases CO2 emissions where pollution-intensive industries could be transferred from the rich to the poorer countries due to weak environmental law and regulations in the host countries. Besides the test of the validity of traditional EKC theory (inverted U-shape), the new stream expanded into testing the existence of an N-shape relationship of income and CO2 emissions.
Author	Vo, Duc Hong Nguyen, Ha Minh Ha, Dao Thi-Thieu To, Anh Hoang
AuthorAffiliation	1 Vietnam—the Netherlands Economics Program, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; anh.th@vnp.edu.vn 2 International Economics Faculty, Banking University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; daohtt@buh.edu.vn 3 Business and Economics Research Group; HCMC Open University, Ho Chi Minh City 722000, Vietnam; ha.nm@ou.edu.vn
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: 2 International Economics Faculty, Banking University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; daohtt@buh.edu.vn – name: 3 Business and Economics Research Group; HCMC Open University, Ho Chi Minh City 722000, Vietnam; ha.nm@ou.edu.vn – name: 1 Vietnam—the Netherlands Economics Program, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; anh.th@vnp.edu.vn
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Anh Hoang surname: To fullname: To, Anh Hoang email: anh.th@vnp.edu.vn organization: Vietnam-the Netherlands Economics Program, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam. anh.th@vnp.edu.vn – sequence: 2 givenname: Dao Thi-Thieu orcidid: 0000-0002-0228-1630 surname: Ha fullname: Ha, Dao Thi-Thieu email: daohtt@buh.edu.vn organization: International Economics Faculty, Banking University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam. daohtt@buh.edu.vn – sequence: 3 givenname: Ha Minh surname: Nguyen fullname: Nguyen, Ha Minh email: ha.nm@ou.edu.vn organization: Business and Economics Research Group; HCMC Open University, Ho Chi Minh City 722000, Vietnam. ha.nm@ou.edu.vn – sequence: 4 givenname: Duc Hong orcidid: 0000-0001-7823-0349 surname: Vo fullname: Vo, Duc Hong email: duc.vhong@ou.edu.vn organization: Business and Economics Research Group; HCMC Open University, Ho Chi Minh City 722000, Vietnam. duc.vhong@ou.edu.vn
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Keywords	environment degradation DOLS Vietnam FDI pollution heaven hypothesis FMOLS causality
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Snippet	This study is conducted to examine the concerns of the foreign direct investment (FDI) causing environment degradation and also to test the validity of the... The nations have attracted foreign direct investment (FDI), which has a positive impact on economic growth in host countries. [...]FDI has been becoming a...
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SubjectTerms	Air Pollutants - analysis Air pollution Air Pollution - analysis Air Pollution - statistics & numerical data Asia Carbon dioxide Carbon Dioxide - analysis Developing countries Economic development Economic Development - statistics & numerical data Economic growth Economic models Emerging markets Emissions Energy consumption Environment Environmental degradation Environmental impact Environmental law Environmental policy Environmental regulations Foreign investment GDP Gross Domestic Product Hypotheses Impact analysis Industrial development Inequality Internationality Investment Investments - economics Investments - statistics & numerical data LDCs Per capita Standard of living Stream pollution Studies Theory
Title	The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Environment Degradation: Evidence from Emerging Markets in Asia
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