The hypoxia response and nutritional peptides

• Published in: Peptides (New York, N.Y. : 1980) Vol. 138; p. 170507
• Main Authors: Kietzmann, Thomas, Mäkelä, Ville H.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01-04-2021
• Subjects: Adipose Tissue - metabolism; Appetite - genetics; Appetite - physiology; Appetite Regulation - genetics; Cell Hypoxia - genetics; Cell Hypoxia - physiology; Eating - genetics; Energy Metabolism - genetics; Gastrointestinal Hormones - genetics; Gastrointestinal Hormones - metabolism; Glucose - metabolism; Glycolysis - genetics; Humans; Hypoxia-hypoxia-Inducible factor; Inflammation; Leptin - genetics; Leptin - metabolism; Metabolism; Nutrition; Obesity; Peptide Hormones - genetics; Peptide Hormones - metabolism; Peptides; Obesity; Inflammation; Peptides; Nutrition; Metabolism; Hypoxia-hypoxia-Inducible factor
• ISSN: 0196-9781; 1873-5169
• DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170507

•Hypoxia controls metabolism and appetite regulating peptides at several levels.•The links of the hypoxia response to peptides/hormones involved in food intake and appetite are complex and not at all completely resolved.•The mechanisms governing the function of the entire hormonal network controlling nutrition and appetite and the role of the hypoxia response requires further attention.
Hypoxia controls metabolism at several levels, e.g., via mitochondrial ATP production, glucose uptake and glycolysis. Hence it is likely that hypoxia also affects the action and/or production of many peptide hormones linked to food intake and appetite control. Many of those are produced in the gastrointestinal tract, endocrine pancreas, adipose tissue, and selective areas in the brain which modulate and concert their actions. However, the complexity of the hypoxia response and the links to peptides/hormones involved in food intake and appetite control in the different organs are not well known. This review summarizes the role of the hypoxia response and its effects on major peptides linked to appetite regulation, nutrition and metabolism.