Evaluation of maternal serum afamin and vitamin E levels in pregnant women with COVID‐19 and its association with composite adverse perinatal outcomes

• Published in: Journal of medical virology Vol. 93; no. 4; pp. 2350 - 2358
• Main Authors: Erol, Seyit A., Tanacan, Atakan, Anuk, Ali T., Tokalioglu, Eda O., Biriken, Derya, Keskin, Huseyin L., Moraloglu, Ozlem T., Yazihan, Nuray, Sahin, Dilek
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-04-2021
• Subjects: Adult; adverse outcome; afamin; C-Reactive Protein - metabolism; Carrier Proteins - blood; Case-Control Studies; Coronaviruses; Correlation analysis; COVID-19; COVID-19 - blood; COVID-19 - epidemiology; COVID-19 - virology; Evaluation; Female; Glycoproteins - blood; Humans; Laboratory tests; Oxidative stress; Oxidative Stress - physiology; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - blood; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - virology; Pregnancy Outcome; Prospective Studies; Risk analysis; Risk factors; SARS‐CoV‐2; Sensitivity; Sensitivity and Specificity; Serum Albumin, Human - metabolism; Statistical analysis; Tocopherol; Turkey - epidemiology; Viral diseases; Virology; Vitamin E; Vitamin E - blood; Turkey; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; adverse outcome; afamin; pregnancy; vitamin E
• ISSN: 0146-6615; 1096-9071
• DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26725

To evaluate the maternal serum afamin and vitamin E levels in pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) and to investigate their association with composite adverse perinatal outcomes. This prospective, case‐control study consisted of 60 pregnant women with COVID‐19 infection and 36 age‐matched pregnant women without any defined risk factors. Demographic features, laboratory test results, afamin and vitamin E levels were compared between the groups. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the relationship of afamin and vitamin E levels in predicting composite adverse perinatal outcomes. A correlation analysis was performed between afamin and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels in pregnant women with COVID‐19. The obstetric complication rate was higher in the COVID‐19 group (13.3% vs. 2.8%) (p = .01). Afamin levels were higher and vitamin E levels were lower in the COVID‐19 group (p = .02 and p < .001, respectively). Vitamin E levels were lower in the COVID‐19 group for the all trimesters (p < .001, p < .001, and p = .004, respectively). Afamin levels were higher in the COVID‐19 group for the all trimesters without reaching statistical significance (p > .05). The values in the ROC curves with the best balance of sensitivity/specificity for afamin and vitamin E were 0.424 mg/l (70.6% sensitivity, 44.3% specificity) and 3.150 µg/ml (76.5% sensitivity, 58.2% specificity), respectively. A positive moderate statistically significant correlation was found between afamin and CRP levels (r = .264, p = .009). Higher afamin and lower vitamin E levels may support the elevated oxidative stress in the etiopathogenesis of COVID‐19 and the relationship with composite adverse perinatal outcomes.