Sodium zirconate (Na2ZrO3) as a catalyst in a soybean oil transesterification reaction for biodiesel production

Sodium zirconate (Na2ZrO3) was tested as a basic catalyst for the production of biodiesel using a soybean oil transesterification reaction. Initially, Na2ZrO3 was synthesized via a solid-state reaction. The structure and microstructure of the catalyst were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scan...

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Published in:	Fuel processing technology Vol. 120; pp. 34 - 39
Main Authors:	SANTIAGO-TORRES, Nicolás, ROMERO-IBARRA, Issis C, PFEIFFER, Heriberto
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Amsterdam Elsevier 01-04-2014
Subjects:	Alternative fuels. Production and utilization Applied sciences Biodiesel Biofuel production Biological and medical sciences Biotechnology Catalysts Energy Exact sciences and technology Fuels Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Industrial applications and implications. Economical aspects Methyl alcohol Miscellaneous Reaction time Sodium Soybeans Transesterification Zirconates Ternary compound Scanning electron microscopy Stability Basic catalyst Sodium zirconate Biofuel Vegetable oil Transesterification Biodiesel X ray diffraction Surface structure Characterization Sodium Zirconates Morphology Production Sodium Oxides Zirconium Oxides Kinetics Soybean oil Fatty acid methyl ester Catalyst
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Abstract	Sodium zirconate (Na2ZrO3) was tested as a basic catalyst for the production of biodiesel using a soybean oil transesterification reaction. Initially, Na2ZrO3 was synthesized via a solid-state reaction. The structure and microstructure of the catalyst were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and N2 adsorption. Various transesterification reactions were then conducted using soybean oil and methanol under differing reaction conditions. The influence of some parameters, such as the reactant concentrations (molar ratios), catalyst percentage, reaction time, temperature and re-use of the catalyst, on the transesterification process in the presence of Na2ZrO3 was investigated. The maximum FAME conversion efficiency was 98.3% at 3 h of reaction time and 3% of catalyst. Additionally, the produced biodiesel was characterized using infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. The resulting biodiesel showed good purity, composition and degree of unsaturation in comparison to previous reports. According to these results, Na2ZrO3 could become an alternative solid base catalyst for scalable and cost-effective biodiesel production.
AbstractList	Sodium zirconate (Na2ZrO3) was tested as a basic catalyst for the production of biodiesel using a soybean oil transesterification reaction. Initially, Na2ZrO3 was synthesized via a solid-state reaction. The structure and microstructure of the catalyst were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and N2 adsorption. Various transesterification reactions were then conducted using soybean oil and methanol under differing reaction conditions. The influence of some parameters, such as the reactant concentrations (molar ratios), catalyst percentage, reaction time, temperature and re-use of the catalyst, on the transesterification process in the presence of Na2ZrO3 was investigated. The maximum FAME conversion efficiency was 98.3% at 3 h of reaction time and 3% of catalyst. Additionally, the produced biodiesel was characterized using infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. The resulting biodiesel showed good purity, composition and degree of unsaturation in comparison to previous reports. According to these results, Na2ZrO3 could become an alternative solid base catalyst for scalable and cost-effective biodiesel production.
Author	ROMERO-IBARRA, Issis C PFEIFFER, Heriberto SANTIAGO-TORRES, Nicolás
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Nicolás surname: SANTIAGO-TORRES fullname: SANTIAGO-TORRES, Nicolás organization: Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad National Autónomo de México, Circuito Exterior s/n Cd. Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, CP 04510 Mexico DF, Mexico – sequence: 2 givenname: Issis C surname: ROMERO-IBARRA fullname: ROMERO-IBARRA, Issis C organization: Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad National Autónomo de México, Circuito Exterior s/n Cd. Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, CP 04510 Mexico DF, Mexico – sequence: 3 givenname: Heriberto surname: PFEIFFER fullname: PFEIFFER, Heriberto organization: Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad National Autónomo de México, Circuito Exterior s/n Cd. Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, CP 04510 Mexico DF, Mexico
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Keywords	Ternary compound Scanning electron microscopy Stability Basic catalyst Sodium zirconate Biofuel Vegetable oil Transesterification Biodiesel X ray diffraction Surface structure Characterization Sodium Zirconates Morphology Production Sodium Oxides Zirconium Oxides Kinetics Soybean oil Fatty acid methyl ester Catalyst
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Snippet	Sodium zirconate (Na2ZrO3) was tested as a basic catalyst for the production of biodiesel using a soybean oil transesterification reaction. Initially, Na2ZrO3...
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SubjectTerms	Alternative fuels. Production and utilization Applied sciences Biodiesel Biofuel production Biological and medical sciences Biotechnology Catalysts Energy Exact sciences and technology Fuels Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Industrial applications and implications. Economical aspects Methyl alcohol Miscellaneous Reaction time Sodium Soybeans Transesterification Zirconates
Title	Sodium zirconate (Na2ZrO3) as a catalyst in a soybean oil transesterification reaction for biodiesel production
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