Taijin kyofusho: a form of social anxiety disorder that responds to serotonin reuptake inhibitors?

• Published in: The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology Vol. 4; no. 3; pp. 231 - 237
• Main Authors: Matsunaga, Hisato, Kiriike, Nobuo, Matsui, Tokuzo, Iwasaki, Yoko, Stein, Dan J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press 01-09-2001; Oxford University Press
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders - drug therapy; Anxiety Disorders - psychology; Clomipramine - therapeutic use; Culture; Female; Fluvoxamine - therapeutic use; Humans; Japan; Male; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors - therapeutic use; Social Behavior Disorders - drug therapy; Social Behavior Disorders - psychology; Japan; serotonin reuptake inhibitors; Pharmacotherapy; taijin kyofusho
• ISSN: 1461-1457; 1469-5111
• DOI: 10.1017/S1461145701002474

Taijin kyofusho (TKS) has been categorized as a ‘culture-bound' illness that is unique to the East, although an alternative view holds that some TKS patients are best conceptualized as having a form of social anxiety disorder (SAD). However, pharmacotherapeutic interventions for TKS have not yet been rigorously investigated. A review was undertaken of 48 TKS patients initially treated with serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) in an outpatient setting of a Japanese hospital. Psychiatric diagnoses were determined according to DSM-IV, and a set of TKS diagnostic criteria based on a modification of DSM-IV SAD criteria. In addition, response to SRIs (clomipramine and fluvoxamine) was evaluated retrospectively using the Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) scale. All 48 patients met SAD-based TKS diagnostic criteria. In the pretreatment assessment, DSM-IV Axis I diagnoses included SAD (38%), major depressive episode (27%), and delusional disorder somatic type (15%). Sixteen (48%) of 33 patients treated with clomipramine or fluvoxamine for at least 6 months were categorized as responders (CGI = 1 or 2). Compared to responders, non-responders were significantly less likely to have pretreatment major depression, and significantly more likely to have comorbid cluster A personality disorders and to have received augmentation with antipsychotic drugs. Although TKS may be a heterogeneous condition with various comorbidities, patients invariably fulfilled diagnostic criteria for TKS based on SAD criteria. SRIs may be effective for a substantial number of TKS patients. Prospective controlled trials are necessary to confirm these findings and to delineate the pharmacotherapeutic profile of TKS.