SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILES OF COUNTRIES - CYBERCRIME VICTIMS

• Published in: Economics & sociology Vol. 16; no. 2; pp. 167 - 194
• Main Authors: Yarovenko, Hanna, Łopatka, Agnieszka, Vasilyeva, Tetyana, Vida, Imre
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Ternopil Centre of Sociological Research 01-01-2023; Fundacja Centrum Badań Socjologicznych; Centre of Sociological Research (NGO)
• Subjects: Circular economy; Cluster analysis; Computer networks; Corruption; Cybercrime; Cybersecurity; Digital currencies; Digital technology; Economic development; Election results; Email; Espionage; Factories; Globalization; Hypotheses; ICT Information and Communications Technologies; Information systems; Information technology; Internet; Malware; National security; Offenders; Presidential elections; Profiles; Social change; Society; Socio-Economic Research; Socioeconomic development; Supranational / Global Economy; Victims; United Kingdom > UK; United States > US; China; Ukraine; France; Germany; Russia; Cybercrime; association analysis; cyberattack; cyberwar; cluster analysis; silhouette method; socioeconomic development
• ISSN: 2071-789X; 2306-3459
• DOI: 10.14254/2071-789X.2023/16-2/11

The article analyses socio-economic profiles of countries that are victims of cybercrimes due to attacks by malicious programs and viruses spread through email applications, vulnerabilities of information systems and computer networks. The study is based on two hypotheses. The first is that powerful countries with significant global influence are both the cybercrime initiators and cybercrime victims to a greater extent than those with weak leverage. The second hypothesis is based on the fact that the level of socio-economic development of countries can be an indirect motivation for cyber criminals to commit mass cyberattacks. The proposed hypotheses were proved using cluster analysis based on the k-means and silhouette methods for the data from 93 countries. It formed 12 groups of countries based on the cyberattack volume on email applications and networks. Using the Farrar-Glauber test, the research revealed that identified vulnerabilities in information systems highly correlated with other factors. Thus, this factor was eliminated from the data set. An associative analysis was used to form a profile of the victim countries. It identified common socio-economic characteristics for each group and developed the rules of cause-and-effect relationships for them. The cluster analysis results confirm the first hypothesis that the most powerful countries, such as the USA, China, Germany, France, and others, are both victims of cyberattacks and their initiators. The analysis of profiles of countries’ clusters based on the associative rules fully confirmed the second hypothesis.