Gcn2 Mediates Gcn4 Activation in Response to Glucose Stimulation or UV Radiation Not via GCN4 Translation
In mammalian cells transcription factors of the AP-1 family are activated by either stress signals such as UV radiation, or mitogenic signals such as growth factors. Here we show that a similar situation exists in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The AP-1 transcriptional activator Gcn4, known to...
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Published in: | The Journal of biological chemistry Vol. 276; no. 20; pp. 16944 - 16951 |
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Abstract | In mammalian cells transcription factors of the AP-1 family are activated by either stress signals such as UV radiation, or mitogenic signals such as growth factors. Here we show that a similar situation exists in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The AP-1 transcriptional activator Gcn4, known to be activated by stress signals such as UV radiation and amino acids starvation, is also induced by growth stimulation such as glucose. We show that glucose-dependent Gcn4 activation is mediated through the Ras/cAMP pathway. This pathway is also responsible for UV-dependent Gcn4 activation but is not involved in Gcn4 activation by amino acid starvation. Thus, the unusual phenomenon of activation of mitogenic pathways and AP-1 factors by contradictory stimuli through Ras is conserved from yeast to mammals. We also show that activation of Gcn4 by glucose and UV requires Gcn2 activity. However, in contrast to its role in amino acid starvation, Gcn2 does not increase eIF2α phosphorylation or translation of GCN4mRNA in response to glucose or UV. These findings suggest a novel mechanism of action for Gcn2. The finding that Gcn4 is activated in response to glucose via the Ras/cAMP pathway suggests that this cascade coordinates glucose metabolism with amino acids and purine biosynthesis and thereby ensures availability of both energy and essential building blocks for continuation of the cell cycle. |
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AbstractList | In mammalian cells transcription factors of the AP-1 family are activated by either stress signals such as UV radiation, or mitogenic signals such as growth factors. Here we show that a similar situation exists in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The AP-1 transcriptional activator Gcn4, known to be activated by stress signals such as UV radiation and amino acids starvation, is also induced by growth stimulation such as glucose. We show that glucose-dependent Gcn4 activation is mediated through the Ras/cAMP pathway. This pathway is also responsible for UV-dependent Gcn4 activation but is not involved in Gcn4 activation by amino acid starvation. Thus, the unusual phenomenon of activation of mitogenic pathways and AP-1 factors by contradictory stimuli through Ras is conserved from yeast to mammals. We also show that activation of Gcn4 by glucose and UV requires Gcn2 activity. However, in contrast to its role in amino acid starvation, Gcn2 does not increase eIF2alpha phosphorylation or translation of GCN4 mRNA in response to glucose or UV. These findings suggest a novel mechanism of action for Gcn2. The finding that Gcn4 is activated in response to glucose via the Ras/cAMP pathway suggests that this cascade coordinates glucose metabolism with amino acids and purine biosynthesis and thereby ensures availability of both energy and essential building blocks for continuation of the cell cycle. In mammalian cells transcription factors of the AP-1 family are activated by either stress signals such as UV radiation, or mitogenic signals such as growth factors. Here we show that a similar situation exists in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae . The AP-1 transcriptional activator Gcn4, known to be activated by stress signals such as UV radiation and amino acids starvation, is also induced by growth stimulation such as glucose. We show that glucose-dependent Gcn4 activation is mediated through the Ras/cAMP pathway. This pathway is also responsible for UV-dependent Gcn4 activation but is not involved in Gcn4 activation by amino acid starvation. Thus, the unusual phenomenon of activation of mitogenic pathways and AP-1 factors by contradictory stimuli through Ras is conserved from yeast to mammals. We also show that activation of Gcn4 by glucose and UV requires Gcn2 activity. However, in contrast to its role in amino acid starvation, Gcn2 does not increase eIF2α phosphorylation or translation of GCN4 mRNA in response to glucose or UV. These findings suggest a novel mechanism of action for Gcn2. The finding that Gcn4 is activated in response to glucose via the Ras/cAMP pathway suggests that this cascade coordinates glucose metabolism with amino acids and purine biosynthesis and thereby ensures availability of both energy and essential building blocks for continuation of the cell cycle. In mammalian cells transcription factors of the AP-1 family are activated by either stress signals such as UV radiation, or mitogenic signals such as growth factors. Here we show that a similar situation exists in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The AP-1 transcriptional activator Gcn4, known to be activated by stress signals such as UV radiation and amino acids starvation, is also induced by growth stimulation such as glucose. We show that glucose-dependent Gcn4 activation is mediated through the Ras/cAMP pathway. This pathway is also responsible for UV-dependent Gcn4 activation but is not involved in Gcn4 activation by amino acid starvation. Thus, the unusual phenomenon of activation of mitogenic pathways and AP-1 factors by contradictory stimuli through Ras is conserved from yeast to mammals. We also show that activation of Gcn4 by glucose and UV requires Gcn2 activity. However, in contrast to its role in amino acid starvation, Gcn2 does not increase eIF2α phosphorylation or translation of GCN4mRNA in response to glucose or UV. These findings suggest a novel mechanism of action for Gcn2. The finding that Gcn4 is activated in response to glucose via the Ras/cAMP pathway suggests that this cascade coordinates glucose metabolism with amino acids and purine biosynthesis and thereby ensures availability of both energy and essential building blocks for continuation of the cell cycle. |
Author | Marbach, Irit Licht, Ruth Engelberg, David Frohnmeyer, Hanns |
Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Irit surname: Marbach fullname: Marbach, Irit organization: Department of Biological Chemistry, The Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel and the – sequence: 2 givenname: Ruth surname: Licht fullname: Licht, Ruth organization: Department of Biological Chemistry, The Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel and the – sequence: 3 givenname: Hanns surname: Frohnmeyer fullname: Frohnmeyer, Hanns organization: Institute fur Biologie II, Universitat Freiburg, Schanzlestrasse 1, 79104, Freiburg, Germany – sequence: 4 givenname: David surname: Engelberg fullname: Engelberg, David email: Engelber@vms.huji.ac.il organization: Department of Biological Chemistry, The Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel and the |
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Snippet | In mammalian cells transcription factors of the AP-1 family are activated by either stress signals such as UV radiation, or mitogenic signals such as growth... In mammalian cells transcription factors of the AP-1 family are activated by either stress signals such as UV radiation, or mitogenic signals such as growth... |
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SubjectTerms | Alcohol Oxidoreductases Amino Acids - metabolism Aminohydrolases beta-Galactosidase - genetics Cyclic AMP - physiology DNA-Binding Proteins Enzyme Activation Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2 - metabolism Fungal Proteins - genetics Fungal Proteins - metabolism Glucose - pharmacology Protein Biosynthesis Protein Kinases - genetics Protein Kinases - metabolism Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases Pyrophosphatases ras GTPase-Activating Proteins - physiology Saccharomyces cerevisiae - genetics Saccharomyces cerevisiae - metabolism Saccharomyces cerevisiae - radiation effects Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins Transcription Factor AP-1 - metabolism Transcription Factors - genetics Transcription, Genetic - drug effects Transcription, Genetic - physiology Transcription, Genetic - radiation effects Ultraviolet Rays |
Title | Gcn2 Mediates Gcn4 Activation in Response to Glucose Stimulation or UV Radiation Not via GCN4 Translation |
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