Growth, feeding and ecological roles of the mixotrophic and heterotrophic dinoflagellates in marine planktonic food webs

• Published in: Ocean science journal Vol. 45; no. 2; pp. 65 - 91
• Main Authors: Jeong, Hae Jin, Yoo, Yeong Du, Kim, Jae Seong, Seong, Kyeong Ah, Kang, Nam Seon, Kim, Tae Hoon
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Springer Korean Ocean Research and Development Institute and The Korean society of Oceanography 01-06-2010; 한국해양과학기술원
• Subjects: Aquatic Pollution; Bacillariophyceae; Diatoms; Earth and Environmental Science; Earth Sciences; Marine; Marine & Freshwater Sciences; Metazoa; Oceanography; Review; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control; 해양학; prey; grazing; predator; harmful algal bloom; protist; predation; ingestion; red tide
• ISSN: 1738-5261; 2005-7172
• DOI: 10.1007/s12601-010-0007-2

Planktonic mixotrophic and heterotrophic dinoflagellates are ubiquitous protists and often abundant in marine environments. Recently many phototrophic dinoflagellate species have been revealed to be mixotrophic organisms and also it is suggested that most dinoflagellates may be mixotrophic or heterotrophic protists. The mixotrophic and heterotrophic dinoflagellates are able to feed on diverse prey items including bacteria, picoeukaryotes, nanoflagellates, diatoms, other dinoflagellates, heterotrophic protists, and metazoans due to their diverse feeding mechanisms. In turn they are ingested by many kinds of predators. Thus, the roles of the dinoflagellates in marine planktonic food webs are very diverse. The present paper reviewed the kind of prey which mixotrophic and heterotrophic dinoflagellates are able to feed on, feeding mechanisms, growth and ingestion rates of dinoflagellates, grazing impact by dinoflagellate predators on natural prey populations, predators on dinoflagellates, and red tides dominated by dinoflagellates. Based on this information, we suggested a new marine planktonic food web focusing on mixotrophic and heterotrophic dinoflagellates and provided an insight on the roles of dinoflagellates in the food web.