The use of principal component analysis for the construction of the Water Poverty Index

ABSTRACT In relation to water resources, indexes can be created to express the multiple dimensions involved with it to aid the planning and management of basins. In this regard, the Water Poverty Index is globally used, but one of its criticisms includes the subjectivity associated with how the sub-...

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Published in:Revista brasileira de recursos hídricos Vol. 24
Main Authors: Senna, Larynne Dantas de, Maia, Adelena Gonçalves, Medeiros, Joana Darc Freire de
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Associação Brasileira de Recursos Hídricos 01-01-2019
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Abstract ABSTRACT In relation to water resources, indexes can be created to express the multiple dimensions involved with it to aid the planning and management of basins. In this regard, the Water Poverty Index is globally used, but one of its criticisms includes the subjectivity associated with how the sub-indexes are weighted. Therefore, in this study, we applied principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the sub-indexes’ weight: resource, access, capacity, use, and environment of the Seridó river basin. This new index with PCA presents an average range with broader values compared to methodologies without, allowing clear identification of the disparities among the cities and the possibility to better prioritize investments concerning water poverty reduction. Our results show that this approach makes it possible to qualitatively identify geographical locations that have greater water poverty compared to others. Additionally, with this approach, it can be determined whether water poverty is caused due to natural characteristics or deficits in water infrastructure investment, providing insight into social fragilities as well. Overall, the presented hierarchical tool in this study has a high value to improve the planning of water resource uses. RESUMO Em relação aos recursos hídricos, índices vem sendo criados para expressar as múltiplas dimensões envolvidas no planejamento e gestão das bacias hidrográficas. Nesse sentido, o Índice de Pobreza Hídrica tem sido globalmente usado. Uma de suas críticas inclui a subjetividade associada a como os sub-índices são ponderados. Neste estudo, aplicamos a análise de componentes principais (PCA) para determinar o peso dos sub-índices: recursos, acesso, capacidade, uso e ambiente da bacia do rio Seridó. O novo índice obtido com o uso de PCA apresenta uma faixa média com valores mais amplos em comparação com as metodologias sem o uso de PCA, permitindo uma identificação clara das disparidades entre as cidades e a possibilidade de priorizar melhor os investimentos relativos à redução da pobreza hídrica. Nossos resultados mostram que essa abordagem possibilita identificar qualitativamente as localizações geográficas que têm maior pobreza hídrica em comparação com outras. Além disso, com essa abordagem, pode-se determinar se a pobreza hídrica é causada devido a características naturais ou déficits de investimento em infraestrutura hídrica, fornecendo também insights sobre as fragilidades sociais. No geral, a ferramenta hierárquica apresentada neste estudo tem um alto valor para melhorar o planejamento dos usos dos recursos hídricos.
AbstractList ABSTRACT In relation to water resources, indexes can be created to express the multiple dimensions involved with it to aid the planning and management of basins. In this regard, the Water Poverty Index is globally used, but one of its criticisms includes the subjectivity associated with how the sub-indexes are weighted. Therefore, in this study, we applied principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the sub-indexes’ weight: resource, access, capacity, use, and environment of the Seridó river basin. This new index with PCA presents an average range with broader values compared to methodologies without, allowing clear identification of the disparities among the cities and the possibility to better prioritize investments concerning water poverty reduction. Our results show that this approach makes it possible to qualitatively identify geographical locations that have greater water poverty compared to others. Additionally, with this approach, it can be determined whether water poverty is caused due to natural characteristics or deficits in water infrastructure investment, providing insight into social fragilities as well. Overall, the presented hierarchical tool in this study has a high value to improve the planning of water resource uses. RESUMO Em relação aos recursos hídricos, índices vem sendo criados para expressar as múltiplas dimensões envolvidas no planejamento e gestão das bacias hidrográficas. Nesse sentido, o Índice de Pobreza Hídrica tem sido globalmente usado. Uma de suas críticas inclui a subjetividade associada a como os sub-índices são ponderados. Neste estudo, aplicamos a análise de componentes principais (PCA) para determinar o peso dos sub-índices: recursos, acesso, capacidade, uso e ambiente da bacia do rio Seridó. O novo índice obtido com o uso de PCA apresenta uma faixa média com valores mais amplos em comparação com as metodologias sem o uso de PCA, permitindo uma identificação clara das disparidades entre as cidades e a possibilidade de priorizar melhor os investimentos relativos à redução da pobreza hídrica. Nossos resultados mostram que essa abordagem possibilita identificar qualitativamente as localizações geográficas que têm maior pobreza hídrica em comparação com outras. Além disso, com essa abordagem, pode-se determinar se a pobreza hídrica é causada devido a características naturais ou déficits de investimento em infraestrutura hídrica, fornecendo também insights sobre as fragilidades sociais. No geral, a ferramenta hierárquica apresentada neste estudo tem um alto valor para melhorar o planejamento dos usos dos recursos hídricos.
ABSTRACT In relation to water resources, indexes can be created to express the multiple dimensions involved with it to aid the planning and management of basins. In this regard, the Water Poverty Index is globally used, but one of its criticisms includes the subjectivity associated with how the sub-indexes are weighted. Therefore, in this study, we applied principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the sub-indexes’ weight: resource, access, capacity, use, and environment of the Seridó river basin. This new index with PCA presents an average range with broader values compared to methodologies without, allowing clear identification of the disparities among the cities and the possibility to better prioritize investments concerning water poverty reduction. Our results show that this approach makes it possible to qualitatively identify geographical locations that have greater water poverty compared to others. Additionally, with this approach, it can be determined whether water poverty is caused due to natural characteristics or deficits in water infrastructure investment, providing insight into social fragilities as well. Overall, the presented hierarchical tool in this study has a high value to improve the planning of water resource uses.
Author Senna, Larynne Dantas de
Maia, Adelena Gonçalves
Medeiros, Joana Darc Freire de
AuthorAffiliation Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
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  surname: Maia
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  organization: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
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  givenname: Joana Darc Freire de
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  surname: Medeiros
  fullname: Medeiros, Joana Darc Freire de
  organization: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
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Cites_doi 10.1590/S1414-753X2007000200009
10.1016/S0921-8009(97)00120-1
10.2166/wp.2012.043
10.1007/s11269-011-9872-4
10.1016/j.asej.2015.09.008
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Keywords Escassez hídrica
Região semiárida
Análise multivariada
Multivariate analysis
Water scarcity
Semiarid region
Language English
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Snippet ABSTRACT In relation to water resources, indexes can be created to express the multiple dimensions involved with it to aid the planning and management of...
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SubjectTerms ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL
ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL
ENGINEERING, MARINE
ENGINEERING, OCEAN
Multivariate analysis
Semiarid region
Water scarcity
Title The use of principal component analysis for the construction of the Water Poverty Index
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