Anti-GAD Encephalitis Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Case Report

Anti-GAD Encephalitis Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Case Report

Since December 2020, a significantly higher number of people worldwide have been vaccinated for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Neurological complications have been reported after these vaccines, although a definitive causal relationship has not been proven in the available literature. We descr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Noro-Psikiyatri Arsivi Vol. 60; no. 3; pp. 283 - 287
Main Authors: Deniz, Cigdem, Altunan, Bengu, Unal, Aysun
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Ankara AVES 01-09-2023
BAYT Ltd. Co
Noro-Psikiyatri Arsivi
Subjects:
Antibodies
Autoimmune diseases
Case Report
Causes of
Cerebrospinal fluid
Cognitive ability
Complications and side effects
Convulsions & seizures
Coronaviruses
COVID-19 vaccines
Development and progression
Diagnosis
Electroencephalography
Encephalitis
Glutamate
Guillain-Barre syndrome
Hallucinations
Hemorrhage
Immunoglobulins
Lacosamide
Levetiracetam
Magnetic resonance imaging
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Memory
mRNA vaccines
Neurologic manifestations of general diseases
Patients
Proteins
Risk factors
RNA
Vaccination
Turkey
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Summary:Since December 2020, a significantly higher number of people worldwide have been vaccinated for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Neurological complications have been reported after these vaccines, although a definitive causal relationship has not been proven in the available literature. We describe a 51-year-old man presenting with anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) antibody positive autoimmune encephalitis with progressive cognitive impairment and behavioral abnormalities, presenting shortly after the second dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, possibly representing a serious vaccine-related adverse event. Response to high-dose steroid and intravenous immunoglobulin treatment was positive. As many people around the world have been vaccinated against COVID-19, this case shows that autoimmune encephalitis and even anti-GAD antibody positive autoimmune encephalitis can develop as a side effect after this new vaccine, but with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, the clinic can have a good prognosis. Observational studies with large numbers of patients are needed to explain causality. Keywords: anti-GAD encephalitis, autoimmune encephalitis, COVID-19 vaccination
ISSN:1300-0667
1309-4866
DOI:10.29399/npa.28251