TLR4 involvement in COVID-19 predicts a seasonal risk of Aspergillus superinfection: A call for vigilance

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Published in:	Medical hypotheses Vol. 154; p. 110643
Main Authors:	Retzinger, Andrew C., Retzinger, Gregory S.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Elsevier Ltd 01-09-2021
Subjects:	Aspergillus Aspergillus superinfection COVID-19 Humans Letter to Editors Mold spores SARS-CoV-2 Seasonal risk Seasons Superinfection Toll-Like Receptor 4 Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) COVID-19 Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) Aspergillus superinfection Seasonal risk Mold spores
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ArticleNumber	110643
Author	Retzinger, Andrew C. Retzinger, Gregory S.
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Keywords	COVID-19 Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) Aspergillus superinfection Seasonal risk Mold spores
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License	Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
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References	Garcia, Sprute, Stemler (b0005) 2021 Sohn K.M., Lee S.G., Kim H.J., et al. COVID-19 Patients Upregulate Toll-like Receptor 4-mediated Inflammatory Signaling That Mimics Bacterial Sepsis J Korean Med Sci. 2020;35(38):e343. Published 2020 Sep 28. doi:10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e343. Zuliani-Alvarez, Marzeda, Deligne, Schwenzer, McCann, Marsden (b0030) 2017; 8 Hoogeveen, Van Gorp, Hoogeveen (b0010) 2021; 755 Shah, Shah, Retzinger, Retzinger, Retzinger, Retzinger (b0015) 2021 Aboudounya, Heads, Dozio (b0025) 2021; 2021 Aboudounya (10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110643_b0025) 2021; 2021 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110643_b0020 Hoogeveen (10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110643_b0010) 2021; 755 Shah (10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110643_b0015) 2021 Zuliani-Alvarez (10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110643_b0030) 2017; 8 Garcia (10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110643_b0005) 2021
References_xml	– year: 2021 ident: b0015 article-title: Confirmation of an Inverse Relationship between Bioaerosol Count and Influenza-like Illnesses, Including COVID-19. On the Contribution of Mold Spores publication-title: MedRxiv contributor: fullname: Retzinger – volume: 8 year: 2017 ident: b0030 article-title: Mapping Tenascin-C Interaction with Toll-like Receptor 4 Reveals a New Subset of Endogenous Inflammatory Triggers publication-title: Nature Comm contributor: fullname: Marsden – volume: 755 year: 2021 ident: b0010 article-title: Can Pollen Explain the Seasonality of Flu-like Illnesses in the Netherlands? publication-title: Sci Total Environ contributor: fullname: Hoogeveen – volume: 2021 start-page: 1 year: 2021 end-page: 18 ident: b0025 article-title: COVID-19 and Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4): SARS-CoV-2 May Bind and Activate TLR4 to Increase ACE2 Expression, Facilitating Entry and Causing Hyperinflammation publication-title: Med Inflamm contributor: fullname: Dozio – year: 2021 ident: b0005 article-title: COVID-19 - Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis, March-August 2020 publication-title: Emerg Infect Dis contributor: fullname: Stemler – year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110643_b0015 article-title: Confirmation of an Inverse Relationship between Bioaerosol Count and Influenza-like Illnesses, Including COVID-19. On the Contribution of Mold Spores publication-title: MedRxiv contributor: fullname: Shah – volume: 755 issue: Part 2 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110643_b0010 article-title: Can Pollen Explain the Seasonality of Flu-like Illnesses in the Netherlands? publication-title: Sci Total Environ contributor: fullname: Hoogeveen – ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110643_b0020 doi: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e343 – volume: 2021 start-page: 1 year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110643_b0025 article-title: COVID-19 and Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4): SARS-CoV-2 May Bind and Activate TLR4 to Increase ACE2 Expression, Facilitating Entry and Causing Hyperinflammation publication-title: Med Inflamm doi: 10.1155/2021/8874339 contributor: fullname: Aboudounya – volume: 8 issue: 1 year: 2017 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110643_b0030 article-title: Mapping Tenascin-C Interaction with Toll-like Receptor 4 Reveals a New Subset of Endogenous Inflammatory Triggers publication-title: Nature Comm doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-01718-7 contributor: fullname: Zuliani-Alvarez – year: 2021 ident: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110643_b0005 article-title: COVID-19 - Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis, March-August 2020 publication-title: Emerg Infect Dis contributor: fullname: Garcia
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SubjectTerms	Aspergillus Aspergillus superinfection COVID-19 Humans Letter to Editors Mold spores SARS-CoV-2 Seasonal risk Seasons Superinfection Toll-Like Receptor 4 Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)
Title	TLR4 involvement in COVID-19 predicts a seasonal risk of Aspergillus superinfection: A call for vigilance
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