Congenital Laryngeal Stenosis
Congenital subglottic stenosis is rare and as a consequence may not be considered in children experiencing respiratory difficulty at birth. Diagnosis after a child already is intubated complicates the recognition and blurs the boundary between congenital and acquired lesions. This article discusses...
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| Published in: | Otolaryngologic clinics of North America Vol. 41; no. 5; pp. 865 - 875 |
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| Language: | English |
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01-10-2008
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| Abstract | Congenital subglottic stenosis is rare and as a consequence may not be considered in children experiencing respiratory difficulty at birth. Diagnosis after a child already is intubated complicates the recognition and blurs the boundary between congenital and acquired lesions. This article discusses the anatomy of the larynx, its common anatomic variations, and its response to trauma, a thorough understanding of which is required for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of this complicated problem. The authors discuss evaluation and assessment options to guide treatment. |
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| AbstractList | Congenital subglottic stenosis is rare and as a consequence may not be considered in children experiencing respiratory difficulty at birth. Diagnosis after a child already is intubated complicates the recognition and blurs the boundary between congenital and acquired lesions. This article discusses the anatomy of the larynx, its common anatomic variations, and its response to trauma, a thorough understanding of which is required for the accurate diagnosis and treatment of this complicated problem. The authors discuss evaluation and assessment options to guide treatment. |
| Author | Schroeder, James W., MD Holinger, Lauren D., MD |
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| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18775338$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1016/0016-5085(81)90065-2 10.1177/000348949410300410 10.1016/S0030-6665(20)30496-5 10.1016/0196-0709(91)90030-J 10.3109/15513819509027004 10.1177/019459989310900313 10.1177/000348948008900604 10.1213/01.ane.0000260136.53694.fe 10.1034/j.1399-3003.1999.14d09.x 10.1097/00005537-199902000-00024 10.1177/000348945406300302 10.1177/000348947708600609 10.1016/j.ijporl.2005.01.023 10.1177/000348947608500505 10.1177/000348948008900502 10.1288/00005537-199212000-00004 10.1177/000348949910800201 10.1001/archotol.126.1.49 10.1288/00005537-197906000-00002 10.1017/S0022215100052920 10.1097/00005537-200005000-00012 |
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| References | Park, Forte (bib22) 1999; 109 Liu, Chen, Holinger (bib10) 1995; 15 McCaffrey (bib16) 1992; 102 Rethi (bib19) 1956; 70 Tucker, Ossoff, Newman (bib1) 1979; 89 Willging, Cotton (bib3) 1995 Holinger (bib6) 1999; 108 Euler, Byrne (bib12) 1981; 80 Eze, Wyatt, Hartley (bib23) 2005; 69 Holinger, Johnson, Schiller (bib2) 1954; 63 Cotton, Seid (bib20) 1980; 89 No.6 Willging (bib13) 2000; 110 Holinger, Kutnick, Schild (bib5) 1976; 85 Lakhal, Delplace, Cottier (bib14) 2007; 104 McCaffrey (bib17) 1993; 109 Myer, O'Conner, Cotton (bib18) 1994; 103 Tucker, Tucker, Vidic (bib4) 1977; 86 Werkhaven, Beste (bib7) 1995; 28 Dorffel, Fietze, Hentschel (bib15) 1999; 14 Silva (bib9) 1996; 16 Silver, Myer, Cotton (bib11) 1991; 12 Jong, Park, Raveh (bib21) 2000; 126 Holinger (bib8) 1980; 89 Eze (10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib23) 2005; 69 Jong (10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib21) 2000; 126 Holinger (10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib2) 1954; 63 Holinger (10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib6) 1999; 108 Silva (10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib9) 1996; 16 Park (10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib22) 1999; 109 Tucker (10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib4) 1977; 86 Rethi (10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib19) 1956; 70 Willging (10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib13) 2000; 110 Werkhaven (10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib7) 1995; 28 Holinger (10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib8) 1980; 89 Dorffel (10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib15) 1999; 14 McCaffrey (10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib16) 1992; 102 Holinger (10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib5) 1976; 85 Cotton (10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib20) 1980; 89 No.6 Tucker (10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib1) 1979; 89 Willging (10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib3) 1995 Euler (10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib12) 1981; 80 Myer (10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib18) 1994; 103 Liu (10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib10) 1995; 15 Lakhal (10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib14) 2007; 104 Silver (10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib11) 1991; 12 McCaffrey (10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib17) 1993; 109 |
| References_xml | – start-page: 111 year: 1995 end-page: 132 ident: bib3 article-title: Subglottic stenosis in the pediatric patient publication-title: The pediatric airway contributor: fullname: Cotton – volume: 104 start-page: 611 year: 2007 end-page: 614 ident: bib14 article-title: The feasibility of ultrasound to assess subglottic diameter publication-title: Anesth Analg contributor: fullname: Cottier – volume: 89 start-page: 397 year: 1980 end-page: 400 ident: bib8 article-title: Etiology of stridor in the neonate, infant and child publication-title: Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol contributor: fullname: Holinger – volume: 16 start-page: 272 year: 1996 end-page: 275 ident: bib9 article-title: Factors influencing acquired upper airway obstruction in newborn infants receiving assisted ventilation because of respiratory failure: an overview publication-title: J Perinatol contributor: fullname: Silva – volume: 103 start-page: 319 year: 1994 end-page: 323 ident: bib18 article-title: Proposed grading system for subglottic stenosis based on endotracheal tube sizing publication-title: Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol contributor: fullname: Cotton – volume: 108 start-page: 101 year: 1999 end-page: 111 ident: bib6 article-title: Histopathology of congenital subglottic stenosis publication-title: Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol contributor: fullname: Holinger – volume: 89 No.6 start-page: 508 year: 1980 end-page: 511 ident: bib20 article-title: Management of the extubation problem in the premature child. Anterior cricoid split as an alternative to tracheotomy publication-title: Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol contributor: fullname: Seid – volume: 126 start-page: 49 year: 2000 end-page: 53 ident: bib21 article-title: Comparison of thyroid, auricular, and costal coartilage donor sites for laryngotracheal reconstruction in an animal model publication-title: Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg contributor: fullname: Raveh – volume: 85 start-page: 591 year: 1976 end-page: 599 ident: bib5 article-title: Subglottic stenosis in infants and children publication-title: Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol contributor: fullname: Schild – volume: 109 start-page: 468 year: 1993 end-page: 473 ident: bib17 article-title: Management of laryngotracheal stenosis on the basis of site and severity publication-title: Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg contributor: fullname: McCaffrey – volume: 63 start-page: 581 year: 1954 ident: bib2 article-title: Congenital anomalies of the larynx publication-title: Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol contributor: fullname: Schiller – volume: 109 start-page: 307 year: 1999 end-page: 311 ident: bib22 article-title: The effects of harvesting autogenous cartilage for laryngotracheal reconstruction on laryngeal growth and support publication-title: Laryngoscope contributor: fullname: Forte – volume: 15 start-page: 655 year: 1995 end-page: 677 ident: bib10 article-title: Histopathologic fundamentals of acquired laryngeal stenosis publication-title: Pediatr Pathol Lab Med contributor: fullname: Holinger – volume: 110 start-page: 825 year: 2000 end-page: 834 ident: bib13 article-title: Benefit of feeding assessment before pediatric airway reconstruction publication-title: Laryngoscope contributor: fullname: Willging – volume: 28 start-page: 797 year: 1995 end-page: 808 ident: bib7 article-title: Diagnosis and management of pediatric laryngeal stenosis publication-title: Otolaryngol Clin North Am contributor: fullname: Beste – volume: 14 start-page: 783 year: 1999 end-page: 788 ident: bib15 article-title: A new bronchoscopic method to measure airway size publication-title: Eur Respir J contributor: fullname: Hentschel – volume: 70 start-page: 283 year: 1956 ident: bib19 article-title: An operation for cicatricial stenosis of the larynx publication-title: J Laryngol Otol contributor: fullname: Rethi – volume: 89 start-page: 866 year: 1979 end-page: 877 ident: bib1 article-title: Histopathology of congenital subglottic stenosis publication-title: Laryngoscope contributor: fullname: Newman – volume: 80 start-page: 957 year: 1981 end-page: 961 ident: bib12 article-title: Twenty-four hour esophagaeal intraluminal pH probe testing: a comparative analysis publication-title: Gastroenterology contributor: fullname: Byrne – volume: 86 start-page: 766 year: 1977 end-page: 769 ident: bib4 article-title: Anatomy and development of the cricoid. Serial-section whole organ study of perinatal larynges publication-title: Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol contributor: fullname: Vidic – volume: 12 start-page: 343 year: 1991 end-page: 346 ident: bib11 article-title: Anterior cricoid split: update 1991 publication-title: Am J Otolaryngol contributor: fullname: Cotton – volume: 102 start-page: 1335 year: 1992 end-page: 1340 ident: bib16 article-title: Classification of laryngotracheal stenosis publication-title: Laryngoscope contributor: fullname: McCaffrey – volume: 69 start-page: 843 year: 2005 end-page: 846 ident: bib23 article-title: The role of the anterior cricoid split in facilitating extubation in infants publication-title: Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol contributor: fullname: Hartley – volume: 80 start-page: 957 year: 1981 ident: 10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib12 article-title: Twenty-four hour esophagaeal intraluminal pH probe testing: a comparative analysis publication-title: Gastroenterology doi: 10.1016/0016-5085(81)90065-2 contributor: fullname: Euler – volume: 103 start-page: 319 year: 1994 ident: 10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib18 article-title: Proposed grading system for subglottic stenosis based on endotracheal tube sizing publication-title: Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol doi: 10.1177/000348949410300410 contributor: fullname: Myer – volume: 28 start-page: 797 year: 1995 ident: 10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib7 article-title: Diagnosis and management of pediatric laryngeal stenosis publication-title: Otolaryngol Clin North Am doi: 10.1016/S0030-6665(20)30496-5 contributor: fullname: Werkhaven – volume: 12 start-page: 343 year: 1991 ident: 10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib11 article-title: Anterior cricoid split: update 1991 publication-title: Am J Otolaryngol doi: 10.1016/0196-0709(91)90030-J contributor: fullname: Silver – volume: 15 start-page: 655 year: 1995 ident: 10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib10 article-title: Histopathologic fundamentals of acquired laryngeal stenosis publication-title: Pediatr Pathol Lab Med doi: 10.3109/15513819509027004 contributor: fullname: Liu – start-page: 111 year: 1995 ident: 10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib3 article-title: Subglottic stenosis in the pediatric patient contributor: fullname: Willging – volume: 109 start-page: 468 year: 1993 ident: 10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib17 article-title: Management of laryngotracheal stenosis on the basis of site and severity publication-title: Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg doi: 10.1177/019459989310900313 contributor: fullname: McCaffrey – volume: 89 No.6 start-page: 508 year: 1980 ident: 10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib20 article-title: Management of the extubation problem in the premature child. Anterior cricoid split as an alternative to tracheotomy publication-title: Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol doi: 10.1177/000348948008900604 contributor: fullname: Cotton – volume: 104 start-page: 611 year: 2007 ident: 10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib14 article-title: The feasibility of ultrasound to assess subglottic diameter publication-title: Anesth Analg doi: 10.1213/01.ane.0000260136.53694.fe contributor: fullname: Lakhal – volume: 14 start-page: 783 year: 1999 ident: 10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib15 article-title: A new bronchoscopic method to measure airway size publication-title: Eur Respir J doi: 10.1034/j.1399-3003.1999.14d09.x contributor: fullname: Dorffel – volume: 109 start-page: 307 year: 1999 ident: 10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib22 article-title: The effects of harvesting autogenous cartilage for laryngotracheal reconstruction on laryngeal growth and support publication-title: Laryngoscope doi: 10.1097/00005537-199902000-00024 contributor: fullname: Park – volume: 63 start-page: 581 year: 1954 ident: 10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib2 article-title: Congenital anomalies of the larynx publication-title: Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol doi: 10.1177/000348945406300302 contributor: fullname: Holinger – volume: 86 start-page: 766 year: 1977 ident: 10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib4 article-title: Anatomy and development of the cricoid. Serial-section whole organ study of perinatal larynges publication-title: Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol doi: 10.1177/000348947708600609 contributor: fullname: Tucker – volume: 16 start-page: 272 year: 1996 ident: 10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib9 article-title: Factors influencing acquired upper airway obstruction in newborn infants receiving assisted ventilation because of respiratory failure: an overview publication-title: J Perinatol contributor: fullname: Silva – volume: 69 start-page: 843 year: 2005 ident: 10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib23 article-title: The role of the anterior cricoid split in facilitating extubation in infants publication-title: Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2005.01.023 contributor: fullname: Eze – volume: 85 start-page: 591 year: 1976 ident: 10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib5 article-title: Subglottic stenosis in infants and children publication-title: Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol doi: 10.1177/000348947608500505 contributor: fullname: Holinger – volume: 89 start-page: 397 year: 1980 ident: 10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib8 article-title: Etiology of stridor in the neonate, infant and child publication-title: Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol doi: 10.1177/000348948008900502 contributor: fullname: Holinger – volume: 102 start-page: 1335 year: 1992 ident: 10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib16 article-title: Classification of laryngotracheal stenosis publication-title: Laryngoscope doi: 10.1288/00005537-199212000-00004 contributor: fullname: McCaffrey – volume: 108 start-page: 101 year: 1999 ident: 10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib6 article-title: Histopathology of congenital subglottic stenosis publication-title: Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol doi: 10.1177/000348949910800201 contributor: fullname: Holinger – volume: 126 start-page: 49 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib21 article-title: Comparison of thyroid, auricular, and costal coartilage donor sites for laryngotracheal reconstruction in an animal model publication-title: Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg doi: 10.1001/archotol.126.1.49 contributor: fullname: Jong – volume: 89 start-page: 866 year: 1979 ident: 10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib1 article-title: Histopathology of congenital subglottic stenosis publication-title: Laryngoscope doi: 10.1288/00005537-197906000-00002 contributor: fullname: Tucker – volume: 70 start-page: 283 year: 1956 ident: 10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib19 article-title: An operation for cicatricial stenosis of the larynx publication-title: J Laryngol Otol doi: 10.1017/S0022215100052920 contributor: fullname: Rethi – volume: 110 start-page: 825 year: 2000 ident: 10.1016/j.otc.2008.04.015_bib13 article-title: Benefit of feeding assessment before pediatric airway reconstruction publication-title: Laryngoscope doi: 10.1097/00005537-200005000-00012 contributor: fullname: Willging |
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| SubjectTerms | Airway Obstruction - etiology Airway Obstruction - pathology Airway Obstruction - surgery Endoscopy Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Laryngeal Cartilages - surgery Laryngostenosis - congenital Laryngostenosis - diagnosis Laryngostenosis - surgery Otolaryngology Surgery |
| Title | Congenital Laryngeal Stenosis |
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