Impact of spirulina supplementation on obesity-related metabolic disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

• Published in: NFS journal Vol. 25; pp. 21 - 30
• Main Authors: Bohórquez-Medina, Sofía L., Bohórquez-Medina, Andrea L., Benites Zapata, Vicente A., Ignacio-Cconchoy, Felipe L., Toro-Huamanchumo, Carlos J., Bendezu-Quispe, Guido, Pacheco-Mendoza, Josmel, Hernandez, Adrian V.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier GmbH 01-11-2021; Elsevier
• Subjects: Lipid disorder; Meta-analysis; Obesity; Spirulina; Systematic review; Obesity; Lipid disorder; Systematic review; Spirulina; Meta-analysis
• ISSN: 2352-3646; 2352-3646
• DOI: 10.1016/j.nfs.2021.09.003

Spirulina is a cyanobacterium rich in proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and bioactive compounds, such as C-phycocyanin, which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and possible lipid and glucose metabolism effects. This systematic review aimed to analyze the effects of spirulina on lipid profile, glucose metabolism, and anti-inflammatory markers (CRD42018097156). After systematically searching for randomized controlled trials evaluating spirulina supplementation in adults with obesity, diabetes, or dyslipidemia on Scopus, Embase, PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases and assessing the risk of bias (Rob 2.0), a random-effects meta-analysis (Mean Difference, CI 95%) was conducted on seven selected articles (n = 338). We found that spirulina supplementation significantly reduced the triglycerides (TG) (mean difference (MD): −15.34 mg/dL; 95% CI: −29.76 to −0.91) and total cholesterol (TC) levels (MD: −11.83 mg/dL; 95% CI: −20.56 to −3.10). However, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (MD: −7.80 mg/dL; 95% CI: −16.94 to 1.33), fasting blood glucose (FBS) (MD: −3.38 mg/dL; 95% CI: −9.88 to 3.12), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (MD: −0.27%; 95% CI: −0.94 to 0.39) levels were not significantly reduced. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) (MD: 0.73 mg/dL; 95% CI: −2.49 to 3.94) was also increased but not significantly. Spirulina supplementation resulted in a decrease in TG and TC levels; it improved the lipid profile of patients with type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, overweight, or obesity, showing its significant role as an adjuvant treatment.
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•Spirulina phycobiliproteins are recognized as bioactive compounds.•Spirulina had shown hypolipidemic effects in obese patients with lipid disorders.•2-14 g of spirulina is a safe approach as a complementary treatment for dyslipidemia.•The lipid fraction of spirulina may reduce the expression of LDL-C receptor.