Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the treatment of experimental chronic renal failure

• Published in: International urology and nephrology Vol. 44; no. 5; pp. 1571 - 1576
• Main Authors: Fernandes, Marcelo Bandeira, Caldas, Heloisa Cristina, Martins, Leila Rodrigues, Ferreira, Cristiane Camargo, Baptista, Maria Alice Sperto Ferreira, Fernandes, Ida Maria Maximina, Abbud-Filho, Mario
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01-10-2012; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Cholesterol - blood; Creatinine - blood; Creatinine - urine; Dietary Supplements; Disease Progression; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - therapeutic use; Fish Oils - therapeutic use; Kidney Failure, Chronic - blood; Kidney Failure, Chronic - drug therapy; Kidney Failure, Chronic - pathology; Linseed Oil - therapeutic use; Male; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Nephrectomy; Nephrology; Nephrology - Original Paper; Proteinuria - urine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Soybean Oil - therapeutic use; Triglycerides - blood; Urology; Weight Loss; Chronic renal failure; 3; PUFA; Alpha-linolenic acid; Omega-3; Flaxseed oil; Fish oil
• ISSN: 0301-1623; 1573-2584
• DOI: 10.1007/s11255-012-0227-8

Purpose
A diet with polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation has been reported to reduce renal and cardiac diseases. This study sought to elucidate whether PUFAs derived from plant or marine oils could have beneficial effects on the progression of experimental chronic renal failure (CRF).
Methods
Experimental CRF was achieved by a 5/6 nephrectomy model. Male Wistar rats were divided into groups and given daily supplements of fish oil (group FO), flaxseed oil (group FXO), or soybean oil (control–group SO) for 30 days. Serum creatinine (sCr), 24-h proteinuria, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and creatinine clearance (CLcr) were measured at day 0 and 30 days after surgery when the rats were euthanized for histological analysis of the remnant kidney.
Results
After 30 days, we observed lower levels of sCr in the groups supplemented with PUFA when compared with the control group (FO: 0.92 ± 0.13; FXO: 1.06 ± 0.28; SO: 1.32 ± 0.47 mg/dL) and significantly slower variations of sCr (ΔsCr) in the groups treated with PUFAs (FO = 0.35 ± 0.16; FXO = 0.47 ± 0.31; OS = 0.72 ± 0.43; mg/dL,
P
 = 0.041). Similarly, the CLcr of both of the groups that received PUFAs was significantly slower than the rats in the control group (FO: 0.45 ± 0.15; FXO: 0.60 ± 0.09; SO: 0.28 ± 0.06 mL/min/day;
P
 = 0.01). The rats that received PUFA supplements also presented significantly less histological lesions compared with the control group.
Conclusions
These results suggest a beneficial effect of dietary supplementation with flaxseed or fish oil in rats with CRF.