Runoff, sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorus losses from agricultural land converted to sweetgum and switchgrass bioenergy feedstock production in north Alabama

Renewable energy sources such as bioenergy crops have significant potential as alternatives to fossil fuels. Potential environmental problems arising from soil sediment and nutrient losses in runoff water from bioenergy crops need to be evaluated in order to determine the sustainability and overall...

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Published in:Biomass & bioenergy Vol. 30; no. 7; pp. 655 - 664
Main Authors: Nyakatawa, E.Z., Mays, D.A., Tolbert, V.R., Green, T.H., Bingham, L.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01-07-2006
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Abstract Renewable energy sources such as bioenergy crops have significant potential as alternatives to fossil fuels. Potential environmental problems arising from soil sediment and nutrient losses in runoff water from bioenergy crops need to be evaluated in order to determine the sustainability and overall feasibility of implementing bioenergy development strategies. This paper discusses runoff, sediment, N, and total P losses from agricultural land (continuous cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.)) converted to short-rotation sweetgum ( Liquidamber styraciflua L.) plantations with and without fescue ( Festuca elatior L.) and switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L.) bioenergy crops, compared to corn ( Zea mays L.), on a Decatur silt loam soil in north Alabama, from 1995 to 1999. Runoff volume was significantly correlated to total rainfall and sediment yield in each year, but treatment differences were not significant. Sweetgum plots produced the highest mean sediment yield of up to 800 kg ha −1compared to corn and switchgrass plots, which averaged less than 200 kg ha −1. Runoff NH 4 + N losses averaged over treatments and years for spring season (3.1 kg ha −1) were three to five times those for summer, fall, and winter seasons. Runoff NO 3 − N for no-till corn and switchgrass plots in spring and summer were five to ten times that for sweetgum plots. No-till corn and switchgrass treatments had 2.4 and 2.1 kg ha −1 average runoff total P, respectively, which were two to three times that for sweetgum treatments. Growing sweetgum with a fescue cover crop provides significantly lower risk of water pollution from sediment, runoff NH 4 + N, and NO 3 − N.
AbstractList Renewable energy sources such as bioenergy crops have significant potential as alternatives to fossil fuels. Potential environmental problems arising from soil sediment and nutrient losses in runoff water from bioenergy crops need to be evaluated in order to determine the sustainability and overall feasibility of implementing bioenergy development strategies. This paper discusses runoff, sediment, N, and total P losses from agricultural land (continuous cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.)) converted to short-rotation sweetgum ( Liquidamber styraciflua L.) plantations with and without fescue ( Festuca elatior L.) and switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L.) bioenergy crops, compared to corn ( Zea mays L.), on a Decatur silt loam soil in north Alabama, from 1995 to 1999. Runoff volume was significantly correlated to total rainfall and sediment yield in each year, but treatment differences were not significant. Sweetgum plots produced the highest mean sediment yield of up to 800 kg ha −1compared to corn and switchgrass plots, which averaged less than 200 kg ha −1. Runoff NH 4 + N losses averaged over treatments and years for spring season (3.1 kg ha −1) were three to five times those for summer, fall, and winter seasons. Runoff NO 3 − N for no-till corn and switchgrass plots in spring and summer were five to ten times that for sweetgum plots. No-till corn and switchgrass treatments had 2.4 and 2.1 kg ha −1 average runoff total P, respectively, which were two to three times that for sweetgum treatments. Growing sweetgum with a fescue cover crop provides significantly lower risk of water pollution from sediment, runoff NH 4 + N, and NO 3 − N.
Runoff, sediment, nitrogen and phosphorous losses from agricultural land converted to sweetgum and switchgrass bioenergy feedstock production in north Alabama were analyzed. Runoff volume was significantly correlated to total rainfall and sediment yield in each year, but treatment differences were not significant. Sweetgum plots produced the highest mean sediment yield of up to 800 kg ha super(-1) compared to corn and switchgrass plots, which averaged less than 200 kg ha super(-1). Runoff NH super(+) sub(4) N losses averaged over treatments and years for spring season were three to five times those for summer, fall and winter seasons. No-till corn and switchgrass treatments had 2.4 and 2.1 kg ha super(-1) average runoff total P, respectively, which were two to three times that for sweetgum treatments.
Renewable energy sources such as bioenergy crops have significant potential as alternatives to fossil fuels. Potential environmental problems arising from soil sediment and nutrient losses in runoff water from bioenergy crops need to be evaluated in order to determine the sustainability and overall feasibility of implementing bioenergy development strategies. This paper discusses runoff, sediment, N, and total P losses from agricultural land (continuous cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L)) converted to short-rotation sweetgum (Liquidamber styraciflua L.) plantations with and without fescue (Festuca elatior L.) and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) bioenergy crops, compared to corn (Zea mays L), on a Decatur silt loam soil in north Alabama, from 1995 to 1999. Runoff volume was significantly correlated to total rainfall and sediment yield in each year, but treatment differences were not significant. Sweetgum plots produced the highest mean sediment yield of up to 800 kg ha super(-1) compared to com and switchgrass plots, which averaged less than 200 kg ha super(-1). Runoff NH super(+) sub(4) N losses averaged over treatments and years for spring season (3.1 kg ha super(-1)) were three to five times those for summer, fall, and winter seasons. Runoff NO super(-) sub(3) N for no-till com and switchgrass plots in spring and summer were five to ten times that for sweetgum plots. No-till corn and switchgrass treatments had 2.4 and 2.1 kg ha super(-1) average runoff total P, respectively, which were two to three times that for sweetgum treatments. Growing sweetgum with a fescue cover crop provides significantly lower risk of water pollution from sediment, runoff NH super(+) sub(4) N, and NO super(-) sub(3) N.
Author Tolbert, V.R.
Bingham, L.
Green, T.H.
Nyakatawa, E.Z.
Mays, D.A.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
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  givenname: T.H.
  surname: Green
  fullname: Green, T.H.
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  organization: Center for Forestry and Ecology, Alabama A&M University, P.O. Box 1927, Normal, AL 35762, USA
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Keywords Corn
No-till
Soil erosion
Cover crops
Fertilizer
Malvaceae
Alternative fuel
Monocotyledones
Biomass
Panicum virgatum
Energy crop
Fertilizers
Renewable energy
Gramineae
Dicotyledones
Angiospermae
Spermatophyta
Bioenergy
Gossypium hirsutum
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Snippet Renewable energy sources such as bioenergy crops have significant potential as alternatives to fossil fuels. Potential environmental problems arising from soil...
Runoff, sediment, nitrogen and phosphorous losses from agricultural land converted to sweetgum and switchgrass bioenergy feedstock production in north Alabama...
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SubjectTerms Applied sciences
Biomass
Corn
Cover crops
Energy
Exact sciences and technology
Fertilizer
Festuca
Gossypium hirsutum
Liquidamber styraciflua
Natural energy
No-till
Panicum virgatum
Soil erosion
Zea mays
Title Runoff, sediment, nitrogen, and phosphorus losses from agricultural land converted to sweetgum and switchgrass bioenergy feedstock production in north Alabama
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2006.01.008
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