Inspired by Distraction: Mind Wandering Facilitates Creative Incubation

Although anecdotes that creative thoughts often arise when one is engaged in an unrelated train of thought date back thousands of years, empirical research has not yet investigated this potentially critical source of inspiration. We used an incubation paradigm to assess whether performance on valida...

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Published in:	Psychological science Vol. 23; no. 10; pp. 1117 - 1122
Main Authors:	Baird, Benjamin, Smallwood, Jonathan, Mrazek, Michael D., Kam, Julia W. Y., Franklin, Michael S., Schooler, Jonathan W.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Los Angeles, CA SAGE Publications 01-10-2012 Sage Publications SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC
Subjects:	Adult Attention - physiology Biological and medical sciences Cognition Cognition. Intelligence Concept of mind Consciousness Consciousness - physiology Creativity Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Humans Imagination Male Mind Musical intervals Problem solving Problem Solving - physiology Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Questionnaires Research Report Task Performance and Analysis Unconscious mind Uniqueness Working memory Young Adult consciousness creativity insight Human Consciousness Attention Distraction Insight Cognition Experimental study Creativity
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Abstract	Although anecdotes that creative thoughts often arise when one is engaged in an unrelated train of thought date back thousands of years, empirical research has not yet investigated this potentially critical source of inspiration. We used an incubation paradigm to assess whether performance on validated creativity problems (the Unusual Uses Task, or UUT) can be facilitated by engaging in either a demanding task or an undemanding task that maximizes mind wandering. Compared with engaging in a demanding task, rest, or no break, engaging in an undemanding task during an incubation period led to substantial improvements in performance on previously encountered problems. Critically, the context that improved performance after the incubation period was associated with higher levels of mind wandering but not with a greater number of explicitly directed thoughts about the UUT. These data suggest that engaging in simple external tasks that allow the mind to wander may facilitate creative problem solving.
AbstractList	Although anecdotes that creative thoughts often arise when one is engaged in an unrelated train of thought date back thousands of years, empirical research has not yet investigated this potentially critical source of inspiration. We used an incubation paradigm to assess whether performance on validated creativity problems (the Unusual Uses Task, or UUT) can be facilitated by engaging in either a demanding task or an undemanding task that maximizes mind wandering. Compared with engaging in a demanding task, rest, or no break, engaging in an undemanding task during an incubation period led to substantial improvements in performance on previously encountered problems. Critically, the context that improved performance after the incubation period was associated with higher levels of mind wandering but not with a greater number of explicitly directed thoughts about the UUT. These data suggest that engaging in simple external tasks that allow the mind to wander may facilitate creative problem solving. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] Although anecdotes that creative thoughts often arise when one is engaged in an unrelated train of thought date back thousands of years, empirical research has not yet investigated this potentially critical source of inspiration. We used an incubation paradigm to assess whether performance on validated creativity problems (the Unusual Uses Task, or UUT) can be facilitated by engaging in either a demanding task or an undemanding task that maximizes mind wandering. Compared with engaging in a demanding task, rest, or no break, engaging in an undemanding task during an incubation period led to substantial improvements in performance on previously encountered problems. Critically, the context that improved performance after the incubation period was associated with higher levels of mind wandering but not with a greater number of explicitly directed thoughts about the UUT. These data suggest that engaging in simple external tasks that allow the mind to wander may facilitate creative problem solving. Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Although anecdotes that creative thoughts often arise when one is engaged in an unrelated train of thought date back thousands of years, empirical research has not yet investigated this potentially critical source of inspiration. We used an incubation paradigm to assess whether performance on validated creativity problems (the Unusual Uses Task, or UUT) can be facilitated by engaging in either a demanding task or an undemanding task that maximizes mind wandering. Compared with engaging in a demanding task, rest, or no break, engaging in an undemanding task during an incubation period led to substantial improvements in performance on previously encountered problems. Critically, the context that improved performance after the incubation period was associated with higher levels of mind wandering but not with a greater number of explicitly directed thoughts about the UUT. These data suggest that engaging in simple external tasks that allow the mind to wander may facilitate creative problem solving.
Author	Smallwood, Jonathan Mrazek, Michael D. Kam, Julia W. Y. Baird, Benjamin Franklin, Michael S. Schooler, Jonathan W.
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Benjamin surname: Baird fullname: Baird, Benjamin – sequence: 2 givenname: Jonathan surname: Smallwood fullname: Smallwood, Jonathan – sequence: 3 givenname: Michael D. surname: Mrazek fullname: Mrazek, Michael D. – sequence: 4 givenname: Julia W. Y. surname: Kam fullname: Kam, Julia W. Y. – sequence: 5 givenname: Michael S. surname: Franklin fullname: Franklin, Michael S. – sequence: 6 givenname: Jonathan W. surname: Schooler fullname: Schooler, Jonathan W.
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Title	Inspired by Distraction: Mind Wandering Facilitates Creative Incubation
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