A techno-economic environmental cost model for Arctic shipping

•A techno-economic approach is deployed to capture the complexity of Arctic voyages.•Under stricter policy scenarios, operations are still viable for Handymax tankers.•Under the above scenario a green ammonia/fuel cell combination is selected.•Implicit damage costs must be accounted for to aid in ef...

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Published in:	Transportation research. Part A, Policy and practice Vol. 151; no. C; pp. 28 - 51
Main Authors:	Joseph, Lambert, Giles, Thomas, Nishatabbas, Rehmatulla, Tristan, Smith
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United Kingdom Elsevier Ltd 01-09-2021 Elsevier
Subjects:	Alternative fuels Arctic shipping Damage costs Profit maximisation Zero emissions Arctic shipping Profit maximisation Zero emissions Damage costs Alternative fuels
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Abstract	•A techno-economic approach is deployed to capture the complexity of Arctic voyages.•Under stricter policy scenarios, operations are still viable for Handymax tankers.•Under the above scenario a green ammonia/fuel cell combination is selected.•Implicit damage costs must be accounted for to aid in effective policy design. The purpose of this article is to provide a case for advancing methods in Arctic shipping towards a more complete approach. A methods assessment was used to identify core concepts in Arctic shipping and to develop a modelling approach that integrates together policy, alternative fuels, emissions and microeconomic theory - enabling the exploration of financial and implicit damage costs, opportunities and environmental risks within Arctic shipping. The integration of these paradigms can lead to more detailed insights into the economic feasibility of Arctic routes under different policy scenarios. The results indicate that by 2035 under both a business as usual and an Arctic zero emission ECA policy scenario, combined Arctic-Suez transits becomes financially viable for a Handymax wet bulker with a moderate ice class. By 2050 the transpolar route becomes accessible for 5 months for these vessels. The results also show that implicit damage costs cannot be overlooked and that it is possible to advance towards more holistic methods for assessing economic and environmental risks and opportunities in Arctic shipping. Through the incorporation of these factors, this framework can be used to assist policymakers with maximising societal welfare.
AbstractList	•A techno-economic approach is deployed to capture the complexity of Arctic voyages.•Under stricter policy scenarios, operations are still viable for Handymax tankers.•Under the above scenario a green ammonia/fuel cell combination is selected.•Implicit damage costs must be accounted for to aid in effective policy design. The purpose of this article is to provide a case for advancing methods in Arctic shipping towards a more complete approach. A methods assessment was used to identify core concepts in Arctic shipping and to develop a modelling approach that integrates together policy, alternative fuels, emissions and microeconomic theory - enabling the exploration of financial and implicit damage costs, opportunities and environmental risks within Arctic shipping. The integration of these paradigms can lead to more detailed insights into the economic feasibility of Arctic routes under different policy scenarios. The results indicate that by 2035 under both a business as usual and an Arctic zero emission ECA policy scenario, combined Arctic-Suez transits becomes financially viable for a Handymax wet bulker with a moderate ice class. By 2050 the transpolar route becomes accessible for 5 months for these vessels. The results also show that implicit damage costs cannot be overlooked and that it is possible to advance towards more holistic methods for assessing economic and environmental risks and opportunities in Arctic shipping. Through the incorporation of these factors, this framework can be used to assist policymakers with maximising societal welfare.
Author	Joseph, Lambert Nishatabbas, Rehmatulla Giles, Thomas Tristan, Smith
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Lambert surname: Joseph fullname: Joseph, Lambert email: joseph.lambert.13@ucl.ac.uk organization: UCL Energy Institute, Central House, 14 Upper Woburn Place, London WC1H 0NN, UK – sequence: 2 givenname: Thomas surname: Giles fullname: Giles, Thomas email: giles.thomas@ucl.ac.uk organization: UCL Mechanical Engineering, Roberts Engineering Building, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK – sequence: 3 givenname: Rehmatulla surname: Nishatabbas fullname: Nishatabbas, Rehmatulla email: n.rehmatulla@ucl.ac.uk organization: UCL Energy Institute, Central House, 14 Upper Woburn Place, London WC1H 0NN, UK – sequence: 4 givenname: Smith surname: Tristan fullname: Tristan, Smith email: tristan.smith@ucl.ac.uk organization: UCL Energy Institute, Central House, 14 Upper Woburn Place, London WC1H 0NN, UK
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Snippet	•A techno-economic approach is deployed to capture the complexity of Arctic voyages.•Under stricter policy scenarios, operations are still viable for Handymax...
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SubjectTerms	Alternative fuels Arctic shipping Damage costs Profit maximisation Zero emissions
Title	A techno-economic environmental cost model for Arctic shipping
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