Electrical breakdown in tissue electroporation

• Published in: Biochemical and biophysical research communications Vol. 467; no. 4; pp. 736 - 741
• Main Authors: Guenther, Enric, Klein, Nina, Mikus, Paul, Stehling, Michael K., Rubinsky, Boris
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 27-11-2015
• Subjects: Ablation Techniques - methods; Acoustics - instrumentation; Electric Impedance; Electrodes; Electrolysis; Electrolytic electroporation; Electrophysiological Phenomena; Electroporation - instrumentation; Electroporation - methods; Humans; Irreversible electroporation; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; NanoKnife; Phantoms, Imaging; Prostate - diagnostic imaging; Prostate - physiology; Prostatic Neoplasms - diagnostic imaging; Prostatic Neoplasms - surgery; Prostatic Neoplasms - therapy; Tissue ablation; Ultrasonography; Magnetic resonance imaging; Electrolysis; Irreversible electroporation; Electrolytic electroporation; NanoKnife; Tissue ablation
• ISSN: 0006-291X; 1090-2104
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.072

Electroporation, the permeabilization of the cell membrane by brief, high electric fields, has become an important technology in medicine for diverse application ranging from gene transfection to tissue ablation. There is ample anecdotal evidence that the clinical application of electroporation is often associated with loud sounds and extremely high currents that exceed the devices design limit after which the devices cease to function. The goal of this paper is to elucidate and quantify the biophysical and biochemical basis for this phenomenon. Using an experimental design that includes clinical data, a tissue phantom, sound, optical, ultrasound and MRI measurements, we show that the phenomenon is caused by electrical breakdown across ionized electrolysis produced gases near the electrodes. The breakdown occurs primarily near the cathode. Electrical breakdown during electroporation is a biophysical phenomenon of substantial importance to the outcome of clinical applications. It was ignored, until now.
•Electroporation is often associated with visible gas production and loud sounds.•This is caused by electrical breakdown across ionized electrolysis produced gases.•They are linked to the amount of electrolysis produced, voltage and pulse protocols.•These parameters should be respected when finding optimal treatment protocols.