Chronic neurodegeneration by aflatoxin B1 depends on alterations of brain enzyme activity and immunoexpression of astrocyte in male rats

• Published in: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety Vol. 182; p. 109407
• Main Authors: Alsayyah, Ahmed, ElMazoudy, Reda, Al-Namshan, Mashael, Al-Jafary, Meneerah, Alaqeel, Nouf
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier Inc 30-10-2019
• Subjects: Aflatoxin; Antioxidants; Brain enzymes; Glial fibrillary acid protein; Neurodegeneration; Antioxidants; LD50; BBB; Neurodegeneration; Glial fibrillary acid protein; ROS; Brain enzymes; CKB; HD; Aflatoxin; ACP; GFAP
• ISSN: 0147-6513; 1090-2414
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109407

Aflatoxin B1 poses the greatest risk among the mycotoxins to target-organisms particularly human, however, no studies addressed the neurotoxicity of chronic exposure of aflatoxin. The oral dose level 1/600th of LD50 for 30, 60, and 90 days was used for three aflatoxin groups, respective to negative and vehicle control groups. Activity levels of brain antioxidants viz: superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase significantly decreased in the three experimental durations in time-dependent trend, in contrast, lipid peroxidation showed a significant increase compared to controls. Significantly, chronic-dependent increase trend was noticed in the AF60 and AF90 group for acid phosphatase (16.1%, 35.2%), alkaline phosphatase (32.1%, 50.8%), aspartate aminotransferase (38.7%, 120.0%) and lactate dehydrogenase (30.6%, 42.1%) activities, respectively. However, a significant 23.7% decrease in the brain creatine kinase activity following 90 days of AFB1administration. Chronic administration of aflatoxin also causes alterations in activities of protein carbonyl with a maximum increase (twofold) after 90 days. Further, histopathological and immunohistochemical results confirmed time-related vasodilation, necrosis and astrocytes gliosis by high glial fibrillary acidic protein immunostaining in response to AFB1. These findings infer that long-term exposure to AFB1 results in several pathophysiological circumstances in a duration-dependent manner concerning neurodegeneration especially Alzheimer's disease.
•Oxidative activities of chronic aflatoxin B1 exposure to male rat brain and the astrocytes gliosis by GFAP immunohistochemistry were assessed.•Aflatoxin B1 increased brain enzyme activities and malondialdehyde levels in the brain of rats in a time-trend manner.•The time accumulation elevated astrocytes clumping and deteriorated neuronal histology.•The data will aid future studies of the mechanism of the neurodegeneration.