CO2 exchange and biomass development of the herbaceous vegetation in the Portuguese montado ecosystem during spring

• Published in: Agriculture, ecosystems & environment Vol. 132; no. 1-2; pp. 143 - 152
• Main Authors: Hussain, M.Z., Otieno, D.O., Mirzae, H., Li, Y.L., Schmidt, M.W.T., Siebicke, L., Foken, T., Ribeiro, N.A., Pereira, J.S., Tenhunen, J.D.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Elsevier B.V 01-07-2009; Amsterdam; New York: Elsevier; Elsevier
• Subjects: Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions; Biological and medical sciences; carbon dioxide; dry matter accumulation; Ecosystem productivity; ecosystem respiration; ecosystems; Environmental regulators; forage; forage crops; forbs; functional diversity; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; gas exchange; General agroecology; General agroecology. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development. Rural area planning. Landscaping; General agronomy. Plant production; Generalities. Agricultural and farming systems. Agricultural development; Herbaceous layer; light intensity; microclimate; Montado; Net ecosystem CO2 exchange; nitrogen content; plant communities; shade; Soil moisture; soil temperature; spatial variation; spring; Spring period; trees; understory; vegetation; woodlands; yields; Portugal; Spring period; Herbaceous layer; Environmental regulators; Soil moisture; Ecosystem productivity; Net ecosystem CO2 exchange; Montado; Productivity; Carbon dioxide; Ecology; Biomass; Regulator; Ecosystem; Vegetation; Environment; Herbaceous plant; exchange; Gas exchange; Net ecosystem C0
• ISSN: 0167-8809; 1873-2305
• DOI: 10.1016/j.agee.2009.03.008

Montado are spatially heterogeneous ecosystems that are economically important for the production of cork and herbaceous biomass that provide fodder for animals. Understanding of how trees and the herbaceous layer interact to determine pasture yield and the overall CO2 exchange of the herbaceous layer is crucial. Portable chambers were used to study CO2 exchange by the herbaceous layer component of the montado ecosystem in southern Portugal. Biomass, Net herbaceous layer CO2 exchange (NEE) and respiration (Reco) were measured in the open and understory locations between March and May, during the active growing period. Parameter fits on the NEE data were performed using empirical hyperbolic light response model, while ecosystem respiration (Reco) data were fitted with a two-parameter exponential model. Annual green biomass productions were 405.8±9.0 and 250.6±6.3gm−2 in the open and the understory, respectively. The respective maximum NEE during the day were −24.0±2.9 and −9.6±2.2μmolm−2s−1 while maximum Reco were 20.6±2.2 and 10.0±1.6μmolm−2s−1, occurring in April. Photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) explained more that 70% of variations in daytime NEE while soil temperature at 10cm depth (Tsoil) explained >50% of the variations in Reco under non-limiting soil moisture conditions. Both the herbaceous layer communities shared similar plant functional types and no significant difference in nutrient nitrogen (N) occurred between them. The two herbaceous layer components shared similar physiological characteristics and differences that arose in their CO2 uptake capacities and green biomass production were the result of microclimatic differences created by tree shading.